Ink painter , also known as literati paintings , is a painting of East Asian type originating from China that uses black ink - the same as used in East Asia calligraphy - in various concentrations. For centuries, this Chinese art form was practiced by scholarly scholars or writers.
The names used in the relevant culture include: in Chinese Traditional shu? mÃÆ'² huÃÆ' (???), in Japanese sumi-e (??) or ( ??? ) , in Korean sumukhwa ??), and in Vietnam tranh thu? m? c (???).
Video Ink wash painting
Histori
Textual evidence suggests that Shan-style paintings existed during the fifth-century Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Ink washing paintings were developed further during the Tang dynasty (618-907). The 8th century poet Wang Wei is generally regarded as a painter who applies color to existing ink paintings. This art was further developed into a more refined style during the Song dynasty (960-1279). It was introduced to Korea shortly after the invention of Chinese ink. In Japan, ink was introduced during the Nara period where it soon became popular among the upper classes. Initially, the Japanese only used it for calligraphy, but eventually, they started painting with ink.
Maps Ink wash painting
Philosophy
Asian aesthetic writing is generally consistent in stating the purpose of ink and washing the painting not only to reproduce the appearance of the subject, but to capture the spirit. To paint a horse, an ink-painting artist must understand his temperament better than his muscles and bones. To paint flowers, there is no need to perfectly match the petals and the color, but it is important to convey the liveliness and the fragrance. East Asian ink painting can be considered an expressionistic art form that captures the unseen.
In landscape painting, scenes depicted are usually imaginary, or a very loose adaptation of the actual view. The mountain landscape is by far the most common, often evoking certain areas traditionally known for its beauty, from which the artist may be very far away. Water is very often included.
East Asian ink painting has long inspired modern artists in the West. In his classic book Composition , American artist and educator Arthur Wesley Dow (1857-1922) writes this about the ink painting: "The painter... puts on paper lines and tones as little as possible; just enough to cause shape , textures and effects to be perceived.Each brushes must be filled with meaning, and useless detail is removed.Gather all the good points in such a method, and you have the highest art quality. " Dow's appeal to ink-washing paintings not only shaped his own approach to art but also helped liberate many of the American modernists of his day, including his student, Georgia O'Keeffe, from what he called the "storytelling" approach. Dow fights for harmonic composition through three elements: lines, shadows, and colors. He advocated practicing with East Asian brush and ink to develop aesthetic sharpness with lines and shadows.
During the Ming Dynasty, Chinese painter Dong Qichang (J: T? Kish ?, 1555-1636), Mo Shilong (1537? -1587), and Chen Jiru (1558-1639) identified two different schools: "Northern School of Painting" (Beizonghua or Beihua J: Hokush? Ga), and "Southern School of Painting" (Nanzonghua or Nanhua J: Nanshuga), also called "Literati Painting" (Wenrenhua J: Bunjinga).
Technique
The ink-washing ink uses the tone and shadow achieved by varying the density of the ink, both by the differential scouring of the ink in water and by varying the load and ink pressure in a single brush stroke. The artist painting Ink wash spent years practicing basic brush strokes to improve the movement of their brushes and the ink flow. In the hands of a master, a single punch can produce a tremendous variation in tone of voice, from dense black to silvery gray. Thus, in its original context, shadow means more than just a dark-light arrangement: This is the basis for the beautiful nuances in the tone of voice found in East Asian washing paint paintings and brush-and-inking calligraphy.
Materials and tools
Ink wash painting is usually done on xuan paper (Chinese) or washi (Japanese paper) both of which are highly absorbent and not printed. Silk is also used in some forms of ink painting. Many types of xuan and washi papers do not lend themselves to the delicate washing as done by watercolor paper. Each brushstroke is visible, so any "washing" in the Western-style painting requires partial sized paper. Paper manufacturers today understand the demands of artists for more versatile paper and work to produce more flexible types. If one uses traditional paper, the idea of ​​"ink wash" refers to the wet-on-wet technique, applying black ink to the paper in which lighter ink has been applied, or rapidly manipulating a dilute ink after it has been applied to paper using a very brush big.
In the washing-up painting, as in calligraphy, artists usually grind the inkstick over the inkstones to get black ink, but liquid ink prepared (in Japanese,
The ink washer brush is similar to the brush used for calligraphy and is traditionally made of bamboo with goats, cows, horses, sheep, rabbits, marten, badger, deer, wild boar, and wolf hair. Bristle bristles point to the smooth point, a feature that is essential for the style of painting washing.
Different brushes have different qualities. A small wolf hairbrush tapered to a smooth spot can produce a thin ink line (like a pen). Large wool brushes (one variation called large cloud ) can accommodate large volumes of water and ink. When large clouds of paper are poured down on paper, it produces a series of inks covering a great deal of gray to black.
Begitu stroke dilukis, itu tidak bisa diubah atau dihapus. Hal ini membuat tinta dan mencuci lukisan membutuhkan bentuk seni yang menuntut keterampilan, konsentrasi, dan tahun pelatihan yang tinggi.
Seniman terkenal
China
- Sekolah Selatan
- Empat Tuan Dinasti Yuan
- Empat Tuan Dinasti Ming
- Empat Wangs, abad ke-17
- Bada Shanren
- Ong Schan Tchow
- Su Shi
- Qi Baishi
- Wu Zuoren
- Xu Beihong
- Zhang Daqian
Korea
- An Gyeon
- Byeon Sang-byeok
- Gang Hui-an
- Nam Gye-u
- Kim Hong-do
- Shin Yun-bok
- Owon
- Jeong Seon
Jepang
- Josetsu
- Tensh? Sh? Bun
- Sessh? T? Y?
- Hasegawa T? haku
- Ike no Taiga
Lihat juga
- Lukisan burung-dan-bunga
- sekolah seni lukis
- Kaligrafi Cina
- Empat Pria
- Haboku
- Animasi cuci tinta kaligrafi Jepang
- Lukisan Jepang
- Higashiyama Bunka dalam periode Muromachi
- kaligrafi Korea
- Lukisan Korea
- Shan shui
Referensi
Tautan eksternal
- Sumi-e Beppe Mokuza, Inc.
- Sumi-e Society of America, Inc.
- Pohon Pinus Hasegawa Tohaku di Museum Nasional Tokyo
- kaligrafi Jepang & amp; lukisan seni oleh seniman Bela Diri.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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