Interpersonal psychotherapy ( IPT ) is a brief psychotherapy, focusing on attachments centered on solving interpersonal problems and symptomatic recovery. This is an empirically supported treatment (EST) that follows a highly structured and time-limited approach and is intended to be completed in 12-16 weeks. IPT is based on the principle that relationships and life events affect mood and are also true. It was developed by Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman for major depression in the 1970s and has since been adjusted for other mental disorders. IPT is an empirically validated intervention for depressive disorders, and is more effective when used in combination with psychiatric drugs. Along with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), IPT is recommended in treatment guidelines as a psychosocial treatment option, and IPT and CBT are the only psychosocial interventions in which psychiatric residents in the United States are mandated to be trained for professional practice.
Video Interpersonal psychotherapy
History
Originally named "high contact" therapy, IPT was first developed in 1969 at Yale University as part of a study designed by Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman and colleagues to test the efficacy of antidepressants with and without psychotherapy as a treatment for depression. IPT has been studied in many research protocols since its development. NIMH-TDCRP demonstrates the efficacy of IPT as a maintenance treatment and illustrates several contributing factors.
Maps Interpersonal psychotherapy
Foundation
IPT is influenced by CBT and psychodynamic approach. It takes the structure of CBT due to limited time, using homework, and structured interviews and assessment tools.
The content of IPT therapy is inspired by Attackment and psychoanalytic psychoanalysis theory of Harry Stack Sullivan. Social theory is also influenced in a lower role to emphasize the qualitative impact of the social support network for recovery. Unlike the psychodynamic approach, IPT does not include personality theories or attempts to conceptualize or treat personality but focus on the application of humanistic interpersonal sensitivity.
- The Attachment Theory , forms the basis for understanding the difficulty of patient relationships, attachment schemes, and optimal functionality when attachment needs are met.
- Interpersonal Theory , explains the ways in which communication patterns of meticulous maladaptive services of patients ( Low to High affiliation & Inclusion and dominant to submissive Status ) leads to or raises difficulties in their interpersonal relationships here and now.
The goal of IPT is to help patients to improve interpersonal and intrapersonal communication skills in relationships and to develop social support networks with realistic expectations for coping with crises triggered in distress' and 'interpersonal storm' weather.
Clinical app
It has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression and has been modified to treat other psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorders and eating disorders. It is the duty of the therapist in the treatment to immediately establish a therapeutic alliance with positive kontraintensi of warmth, empathy, affective attunement and positive things to encourage positive transferential relationships, from which patients can seek help from a therapist despite resistance. It is primarily used as short-term therapy that is completed in 12-16 weeks, but has also been used as maintenance therapy for patients with recurrent depression.
Interpersonal psychotherapy has been found to be an effective treatment for the following:
- Bipolar disorder
- Bulimia nervosa
- Postpartum depression
- Major depressive disorder
- Cyclothymia
Teenagers
Although originally developed as an individual therapy for adults, IPT has been modified for use with adolescents and older adults.
IPT for children is based on the premise that depression occurs in the context of individual relationships regardless of their origin in biology or genetics. More specifically, depression affects people's relationships and this affects our mood more and more. The IPT model identifies four common areas where a person may experience relationship difficulties:
- sadness after the loss of a loved one;
- conflict in a significant relationship, including the client's relationship with himself;
- difficulty adapting to changes in relationships or life circumstances; and
- difficulties derived from social isolation.
IPT therapists help identify areas requiring skill development to improve client relationships and reduce symptoms of depression. Over time, clients learn to associate changes in mood with events that occur in their relationships, communicate feelings and expectations for relationships, and solve problem solutions for difficulty in relationships.
IPT has been adapted for the treatment of adolescent depression (IPT-A) to address the most common developmental problems for adolescents such as separation from parents, the development of romantic relationships, and early experience with the deaths of relatives or friends IPT-A helps teenagers identify and develop more methods adaptive to deal with interpersonal problems associated with the onset or maintenance of their depression. IPT-A is usually a 12 to 16 week treatment. Although treatment involves individual sessions especially with teenagers, parents are asked to participate in sessions to receive education about depression, to overcome the possible relationship difficulties between adolescents and their parents, and to help support adolescent treatment.
Elderly
IPT has been used as psychotherapy for depressed elderly people, with an emphasis on handling interpersonally relevant issues. IPT seems to be a perfect fit for the life changes that many people experience in subsequent years.
References
Source
- Sullivan, Harry Stack (1968) [1953]. Psychiatric Interpersonal Theory . W. W. Norton & amp; Company. ISBN: 978-0-393-00138-9.
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