The New York City , often called New York City (NYC) or just New York , is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated population of 2017 of 8,622,698 distributed over an area of ​​approximately 302.6 square miles (784 km 2 ), New York City is also the most populous city in the United States. Located on the southern tip of New York state, the city is the center of New York's metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by the urban plains and one of the world's most populous cities, with an estimated 20,320,876 people in the Metropolitan Statistical Area 2017 and 23,876,155 population in the Combined Area of ​​Statistics. The city of global power, New York City has been described as the world's cultural, financial, and media capital, and has a significant impact on trade, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, and sports. The city's fast speed defines the term New York minute . Home to UN headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.
Located in one of the largest natural harbors in the world, New York City consists of five areas, each of which is a separate area of ​​New York State. The five boroughs - Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Bronx, and Staten Island - were consolidated into one city in 1898. Its metropolitan city and territory was the main gateway for legal immigration to the United States. A total of 800 languages ​​are spoken in New York, making it the most diverse city in the world. New York City is home to more than 3.2 million people born outside the United States, the largest foreign-born population in any city in the world. In 2013, the New York Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) comprising three states produced gross metropolitan products (GMP) of nearly US $ 1.4 trillion. If New York City is a larger sovereign state, it will have the 12th highest GDP in the world.
New York City traced its origins to a trading post established by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 in Lower Manhattan; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings were under British control in 1664 and named after New England's King Charles II awarded the land to his brother, the Duke of York. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 to 1790. It has been the largest city in the country since 1790. The Statue of Liberty welcomed millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th century and was a symbol the world from the United States and the ideals of freedom and peace. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability, and as a symbol of cultural freedom and diversity.
Many of New York City's famous districts and landmarks, and the city received a record 62.8 million tourists by 2017, host three of the top ten most visited places in the world by 2013. Several sources have rated the city New York's most photographed in the world. Times Square, the iconic as the "heart" of the world and its "Crossroads", is the brightly lit Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and the center of the world's entertainment industry. The names of many city bridges, skyscrapers, and gardens are known all over the world. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been named the most economically powerful city and the world's leading financial center, and it is home to two of the world's largest stock exchanges with total market capitalization, the New Stock Exchange York and NASDAQ. The Manhattan real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. New York is home to the largest ethnic Chinese population outside Asia, with many Chinatowns flourishing throughout the city. Providing ongoing 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems in the world, with 472 stations operating. More than 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which has been ranked among the top universities in the world.
Video New York City
History
Etymology
In 1664, the city was named the Duke of York, who would become King James II. James's elder brother, King Charles II of England, has appointed the Duke owner of the former New Netherlands territory, including the city of New Amsterdam, which recently taken Britain from the Netherlands.
Initial history
During the Wisconsinan glacier, the New York City area lies on the edge of a massive ice sheet of over 1,000 feet (300 m) in depth. The ice layer erodes large amounts of regolith, leaving behind the bedrock that serves as the geological foundation for much of New York City today. Subsequently, the movement of the ice sheet contributes to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island.
In pre-colonial times, the New York City area was populated by Native Americans of Algonquian, including Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, including Staten Island; western part of Long Island, including the area to be Brooklyn and Queens; Manhattan; Bronx; and Lower Hudson Valley.
The first visit documented to New York Harbor by Europeans in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown. He claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle AngoulÃÆ'ªme (New AngoulÃÆ'ªme). The Spanish expedition led by captain EstÃÆ'ªvÃÆ'Â £ o Gomes, a Portuguese voyage to the Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 and mapped the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rondo de San Antonio (< Saint Anthony River). The PadrÃÆ'³n Real of 1527, the first scientific map to show the east coast of North America continuously, was informed by the Gomes expedition and labeled the northeastern United States as "Tierra de Esteban GÃÆ'³mez" in his honor.
In 1609, British explorer Henry Hudson rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the East for the Dutch East India Company. He went on to sail over what the Dutch would call the Northern River (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson as Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange. Hudson's first couple describes the harbor as "an excellent harbor for all wind" and the river as "a mile wide" and "full of fish." Hudson sailed about 150 miles (240 km) north, passing the site of the current capital of New York in Albany, with the belief that it may be an oceanic tributary before the river becomes too shallow to continue. He conducted a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the territory for the Dutch East Indies Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Dutch and was called Nieuw-Nederland (New Holland).
The first indigenous population of what eventually became New York City was Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to the Netherlands as Jan Rodrigues), a merchant from Santo Domingo. Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan in the winter of 1613-1614, trapping feathers and trading with the locals as Dutch representatives. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street in Upper Manhattan, was named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.
Dutch Rules
The permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 - making New York the 12th oldest continually occupying settlements built in Europe in the continent of the United States - with the establishment of a Dutch feather trade deal on Governors Island. In 1625, the construction began in a fortress and the Amsterdam Citadel, which was later called Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on today's Manhattan Island. The New Amsterdam colony was centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan. In 1626, the Dutch colonial director general Peter Minuit, acting as an accused by the Dutch West India Company, purchased Manhattan island from Canarsie, a small Lenape band, for 60 guilders (about $ 1,000 in 2006). The undeniable legend claims that Manhattan was purchased with glass beads for $ 24.
After purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly. To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted a patron system in 1628, in which rich Dutch patinoons or patrons carrying 50 colonists to the New Netherlands would be given plots of land, along with local political autonomy and rights. to participate in profitable fur trade. This program is less successful.
Since 1621, the Dutch West Indies Company has operated as a monopoly in New Netherland, on the authority granted by the Dutch General. In 1639-1640, in an effort to foster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company unleashed a monopoly on feather trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, wood, tobacco, and slaves (especially with the West Indies).
In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as the last General Director in New Netherland. During his tenure, the New Netherland population grew from 2,000 to 8,000. Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order in the colony; However, he also gained a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted liquor sales regulations, attempted to uphold the Dutch Reformed Church, and blocked other religious groups (including Quakers, Jews, and Lutherans) from setting up houses of worship. The Dutch West Indies company will finally try to ease the tension between Stuyvesant and New Amsterdamers.
English rule
In 1664, unable to summon significant resistance, Stuyvesant handed New Amsterdam over to British troops, led by Colonel Richard Nicholls, without bloodshed. The provisions of the transfer allowed Dutch citizens to remain in the colony and allow religious freedom. England immediately renamed the new city "New York" after the Duke of York (candidate King James II of England). The transfer was confirmed in 1667 by the Breda Treaty, which ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
On August 24, 1673, during the Third Dutch-British War, Dutch captain Anthony Colve captured the New York colony of England on the orders of Cornelis Evertsen the youngest and revived the "New Orange" after William III, Prince of Orange. The Dutch would soon return the island to England under the Westminster Treaty in November 1674.
Several tribal wars among Native Americans and some epidemics caused by contact with Europeans caused considerable population loss for Lenape between 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the population of Lenape had decreased to 200. New York suffered several febrile epidemics yellow in the 18th century, lost ten percent of its population to disease in 1702 alone.
New York grew important as a temporary trading port under British rule in the early 1700s. It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves in 1730, the highest percentage outside of Charleston, South Carolina. Most slave owners hold some or some domestic slaves, but others employ them to work in the workplace. Slavery is integrally linked to the New York economy through slave labor across ports, and banks and shipping are tied to South America. The discovery of Burial Ground of Africa in the 1990s, during the construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area during the colonial years.
The 1735 trial and the release in Manhattan, John Peter Zenger, who was accused of defamation after criticizing the colonial governor William Cosby, helped to uphold press freedom in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under the charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan.
American Revolution
The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765, as the Sons of Liberty, held in the city, fought for the next ten years with British troops stationed there. The Battle of Long Island, the greatest battle of the American Revolutionary War, took place in August 1776 in the modern area of ​​Brooklyn. After the battle, where America was defeated, Britain made the city their military base and political operation in North America. The city is a haven for Loyalist refugees and escaping slaves who join the British line for the freedom that the Crown has promised to all fighters. A total of 10,000 slaves who fled packed the city during the British occupation. When British troops were evacuated at the end of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 free people for resettlement in Nova Scotia. They resettled other free people in England and the Caribbean.
The only peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference Building on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British General Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great New York Fire broke out, Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroys about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.
In 1785, the Confederate Congressional hearing made New York City the country's capital shortly after the war. New York is the last capital of the US under the Budget of the Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; The first US Congress and the United States Supreme Court were each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drawn up, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. In 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.
nineteenth century
Under the gradual removal action in New York State in 1799, the children of the slave mother were finally released but must be held in indentured slavery until middle age to the end. Together with slaves who were freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped from slaves, significant free black populations gradually flourished in Manhattan. Under influential US founders such as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society works to eradicate and set up an African Free School to educate black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and blacks freely fought afterwards with discrimination. New York's racial astrology activism continues; among its leaders is a graduate of African Free School. The city's black population reached over 16,000 in 1840.
In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development with regard to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration. The city adopted the Plan of Commissioners in 1811, which expanded the city's road network to cover all of Manhattan. The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 through the center of New York connects the Atlantic ports to agricultural markets and commodities in the interior of North America via the Hudson River and Great Lakes. Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants.
Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporary business elite are lobbying for the formation of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscape park in an American city.
The Great Irish Famine brought a huge wave of Irish immigrants, of which over 200,000 lived in New York in 1860, more than a quarter of the city's population. There is also extensive immigration from the German province, where the revolution has disrupted the society, and Germany comprised 25% more of the New York population in 1860.
Democratic candidates are consistently elected to local offices, increasing urban relations to the South and dominant parties. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South broke away, but his proposal was not followed up. Anger at the new draft law during the American Civil War (1861-1865), which saved rich people capable of paying $ 300 (equivalent to $ 5,963 in 2017) replacement cost to hire a replacement, caused the collapse of the 1863 Riot, the most visible participants are the working class ethnic Irish. The situation worsened into an attack on the New York elite, followed by attacks on New Yorkers and their property after a decade of fierce competition between Irish immigrants and blacks to work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, with more than 200 children fleeing because of efforts from the New York City Police Department, which mainly consists of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. Overall, eleven black men were hanged for five days, and riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee to the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 in 1865, the latter of which occurred in 1820. The white working class has created dominance. Violence by the long-range soldiers against blacks is fierce in the dock area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.
Modern history
In 1898, the modern city of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), County New York (which later included parts of the Bronx), County of Richmond, and western part of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as a separate private system, helped tie the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce and communications.
In 1904, the General Slocum steamers burned in the East River, killing 1,021 people in it. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, claimed the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Women's Garment Workers Union and major improvements in plant safety standards.
The non-white population of New York was 36,620 in 1890. The city of New York was a major destination in the early 20th century for African-Americans during the Great Migration of South America, and by 1916 New York City had become home to the population Africa's largest urban diaspora in North America. Harlem Renaissance literary and cultural life flourished during the Prohibition era. The larger economic blast resulted in the construction of skyscrapers that competed in height and created identifiable horizons.
New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformist Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political domination.
Back veterans of World War II created a post-war economic outburst and the development of large residential ducts in east Queens and Nassau County as well as similar suburbs in New Jersey. New York emerged from an unscathed war as the world's leading city, with Wall Street leading America as the dominant economic power in the world. United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, reinforcing New York's global geopolitical influence, and the emergence of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated the move of New York as the center of the art world.
The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous and violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against police attacks that occurred in the early hours of the morning of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village neighborhood in Lower Manhattan. They are widely regarded as the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern struggle for LGBT rights in the United States.
In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer economic problems and rising crime rates. While the revival in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rates continued to rise during the decade and into the early 1990s. In the mid-1990s, crime rates began to drop dramatically because of revised police strategies, increasing economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, appear in the urban economy. The New York population reached an all-time high point in the 2000 Census and again at the 2010 Census.
The city and the surrounding area suffered most of the economic damage and the greatest loss in human life after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of 19 terrorists linked to Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 to the North Tower from the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 to the Tower South World Trade Center, and then destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers residing in towers and in the surrounding areas. The North Tower is then the tallest building ever destroyed and still exists. The redevelopment of the area, has created a new One World Trade Center, and a 9/11 memorial and museum along with other new buildings and infrastructure. The PATH World Trade Center, which opened on 19 July 1909 as Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack. The temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. The 800,000 square foot (74,000 m 2 ) permanent station designed by Santiago Calatrava, the World Trade Center Transport Center, the third largest city-hub, was completed in 2016 The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the fourth tallest building in the world with a peak height, with the symbolic peak reaching 1,776 feet (541.3 m) as a reference to the year of US independence.
The Occupy Wall Street protest at Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begins on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality around the world.
Maps New York City
Geography
New York City is located in Northeastern United States, southeast of New York State, about halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which became a sheltered natural harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow significantly as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.
The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley to the Gulf of New York. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the state of New Jersey in the US. The East River - a tidal strait - flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East River and the Hudson River, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only freshwater river in town.
Urban land has been substantially altered by human intervention, with considerable reclaimed land along the waters edge since Dutch colonial times; the most prominent reclamation in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some natural aids in topography have been likened, especially in Manhattan.
The total area of ​​the city is 468,484 square miles (1,213.37 km 2 ), including 302,643 square meters (783,84 km 2 ) land and 165,841Ã, sqÃ, mi ( 429.53 km 2 ) of this is water. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the East Coast of southern Maine. The ridge peaks are mostly covered in the forest as part of Greenbelt Island Staten.
Cityscapes
Architecture
New York has buildings that have an interesting architecture in different styles and from different time periods, from the saltbox style of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest part dating from 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper on the Nero Ground in Lower Manhattan and the most expensive office tower in the world with construction costs.
The Manhattan skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to some of the tallest buildings in the world. In 2011, New York City has 5,937 high-rise buildings, where 550 structures finish at least 330 feet (100 m) tall, second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 skyscrapers finished higher than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building, an early example of the Gothic Awakening architecture in the design of skyscrapers, built with enormous gothic detail; completed in 1913, for 17 years it is the tallest building in the world.
The 1916 Zonation resolution requires setbacks in new buildings and limited towers up to a percentage of lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with tapered peaks and steel towers, reflect the requirements of zoning. The buildings have distinctive ornaments, like the hawks at the corner of the 61st floor at the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the best examples of Art Deco style. A very influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), which is typical because its façade uses a bronze beam-I beam to evoke the building's structure. Condà ©  © Nast Building (2000) is a leading example of green design in the American skyscraper and has received awards from the American Institute of Architects and AIA State of New York for its design.
The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by brownstone huts and elegant townhouses and shabby tenements built during periods of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has a less populous environment and feature free living quarters. In neighborhoods like Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victoria.
Stones and bricks became the building material of the city of choice after the construction of wooden frame houses was limited after the Great Fire of 1835. The hallmark of many urban buildings was the water tower mounted on the wooden roof. In the 1800s, the city needed their installations on buildings higher than six levels to prevent the need for too high water pressure at lower altitudes, which could damage the city's water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in remote areas, such as Jackson Heights.
According to the US Geological Survey, a recent analysis of the earthquake hazard in July 2014 revealed a "slightly lower danger to high-rise buildings" in New York City than previously assessed. Scientists estimate this reduced risk is based on a lower-than-expected probability of slow shocks near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to structures higher than earthquakes around the city.
Borough
Under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climatic classification, using 0 Â ° C (32 Â ° F) isotherms, New York City has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), and thus is the northernmost main city in the Americas North with this categorization. The northern and western edges lie in the transition zone between humid and humid subtropical climates ( Dfa ). Each year, the city average is 234 days with at least some sunshine. The city is located in the USDA 7b factory resilient zone.
Winter is cold and humid, and the prevailing wind patterns that eliminate the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; but the Atlantic and partial shields from the cold air by the Appalachian keep the city warmer in the winter than the inland cities of North America at the same or lower latitudes as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The average daily temperature in January, the coldest month in the area, was 32.6  ° F (0.3  ° C); temperatures typically drop to 10 ° F (-12 ° C) several times per winter, and reach 60 ° F (16 ° C) a few days in the coldest winter months. Spring and fall are unpredictable and can range from cold to warm, though usually mild with low humidity. Summer is usually warm to hot and humid, with a daily average temperature of 76.5 ° F (24.7 ° C) in July. Night conditions are often exacerbated by the phenomenon of urban heat islands, while daytime temperatures exceed 90Ã, ° F (32Ã,  ° C) averaging 17 days each summer and in a few years exceeding 100Ã, ° F (38Ã, ° C). The extreme temperatures range from -15  ° F (-26  ° C), recorded on February 9, 1934, to 106  ° F (41  ° C) on July 9, 1936. Average water temperatures near the Atlantic Ocean ranging from 39.7  ° F (4.3  ° C) in February to 74.1  ° F (23.4  ° C) in August.
The city receives 49.9 inches (1,270 mm) of rainfall annually, which is relatively even throughout the year. The average of winter snow between 1981 and 2010 was 25.8 inches (66 cm); this varies from year to year. Tropical storms and storms are rare in New York. Hurricane Sandy brings a devastating storm surge to New York City on the night of October 29, 2012, flooding roads, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other parts of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and beyond. suburbs. The storm and its profound impact have prompted discussions about building sea walls and other coastal obstacles around the city's coastline and metropolitan areas to minimize the risk of damaging consequences of such other events in the future.
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New York City has a complex park system, with lots of land operated by the National Park Service, New York City Parks, Preservation and Conservation Office and the New York City Parks and Recreation Department.
In the ParkScore 2013 rating, the Trust for Public Land reports that the park system in New York City is the second best garden system among the 50 most populous US cities, behind the Minneapolis park system. ParkScore ranked the urban park system with a formula that analyzes the median park size, the area of ​​land as percent of the city area, the percentage of city dwellers within half a mile of the park, park service spending per population, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 occupants.
National park
The Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521,83Ã, ha) overall, mostly surrounded by New York City, including Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. In Brooklyn and Queens, the park has over 9,000 acres (36 km 2 ) of salt marshes, wetlands, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay. Also in Queens, this park covers most of the western Rockaway Peninsula, especially Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden. At Staten Island, the Gateway National Recreation Area includes Fort Wadsworth, with the historic pre-Civil War era, Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park, with beaches, walkways and marinas.
The Statue of Liberty National Monument and the Ellis Island Immigration Museum are run by the National Park Service and are located in both New York and New Jersey states. They joined the harbor by the Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island including Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal National Hall Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial ("Grant's Tomb"); African Funeral National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn, part of the Stonewall National Monument in Greenwich Village, as a catalyst of the modern gay rights movement.
State park
There are seven state parks within the boundaries of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Wildlife Park, a natural area that includes extensive riding trails, and State River Garden, 28 acres (110,000 m 2 ) The facilities are up 69 feet (21 m) above the Hudson River.
City park
New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km 2) of city parks and 14 miles (23 km) from public beaches. The city's largest city park is Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, with 2,772 acres (1,122 ha).
- Central Park, 843-acre park (3,41Ã, km 2 ) in the middle-upper Manhattan, is the most visited urban park in the United States and one of the most many filmed in the world, with 40 million visitors by 2013. The park contains a variety of attractions; there are several lakes and ponds, two ice-skating rinks, Central Park Zoo, Central Park Conservatory Park, and 106 acre (0.43 km km) Jackie Onassis Reservoir. Indoor attractions include Belvedere Castle with its natural center, the Swedish Cottage Marionette Theater, and the historic Carousel. On October 23, 2012, hedge fund manager John A. Paulson announced a $ 100 million prize to the Central Park Conservancy, the biggest money donation ever to the New York City park system.
- Washington Square Park is a prominent landmark in Greenwich Village neighborhood in Lower Manhattan. The Washington Square Arch at the north gate to the park is an iconic symbol of New York University and Greenwich Village.
- Prospect Park in Brooklyn has 90 acre (360,000 m 2 ) meadows, lakes and vast forests. Inside the park is the Historic Battle Pass, which stands out in the Battle of Long Island.
- Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, with 897 acres (363 ha) making it the fourth largest park in the city, was the venue for the 1939 World Fair and the 1964 World Fair and hosted the US Billie Jean King National Tennis Center and the annual United States Open Tennis Championship tournament.
- More than a fifth of the Bronx area, 7,000 acres (28 km 2 ), is provided to open spaces and parks, including Pelham Bay Park, Van Cortlandt Park, Bronx Zoo, and New York Botanical Garden.
- In Staten Island, Conference House Park contains a historic Conference Building, where the only peaceful resolution to the American Revolution made in September 1775, was attended by Benjamin Franklin representing America and Lord Howe representing the British Crown. The historic Burial Ridge, America's largest native burial ground in New York City, is inside the park.
Military installations
New York City is home to Fort Hamilton, the only installation of US military active duty inside the city. Founded in 1825 in Brooklyn on a small battery site used during the American Revolution, it is one of America's longest military fortresses. Today Fort Hamilton serves as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Engineer Corps and for the New York City Recruitment Battalion. It is also the home of the 1179 Transportation Brigade, the 722 Standing Squadron, and the military entrance processing station. Previously active military orders are still used for the National Guard and military training or reserve operations in the city including Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island and Fort Totten in Queens.
Demographics
New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated record of 8,622,698 people in 2017, putting more immigration into the city than migration since the 2010 US Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as it is in the city The second largest US (Los Angeles), and in a smaller area. New York City gained more population between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other US city. The population of New York City is about 43% of the population of New York State and about 36% of the population of New York metropolitan areas.
Population density
By 2017, the city has an estimated population density of 28,491 people per square mile (11,000/km²), making it the most populous city of all municipalities that holds more than 100,000 inhabitants in the United States, with some smaller towns (less than 100,000). in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey has greater density, in accordance with the 2010 Census. Geographically together with New York County, the densely populated 2017 density area of ​​Manhattan of 72,918 inhabitants per square mile (28,154/km 2 ) making it the highest of any region in the United States and higher than the density of any American city.
Race and ethnicity
The city population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic whites), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native Americans, and 12.7% Asia. Hispanics of any race represent 28.6% of the population, while Asians are the fastest-growing segment of urban populations between 2000 and 2010; non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest decline recorded in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined for a decade.
Throughout its history, the city has become a major port of entry for immigrants to the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first created to describe the densely populated immigrant neighborhood on the Lower East Side. In 1900, Germany was the largest group of immigrants, followed by Ireland, Jews and Italy. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population.
About 37% of the city's population is foreign-born and more than half of all children are born to immigrant mothers. In New York, no country or region dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born people in the city in 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while Bangladesh-born immigrant populations have become one of the fastest growing in the city, accounting for more than 74,000 in 2011.
Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than a million, larger than the combined total of San Francisco and Los Angeles. New York contains Asia's highest population in every city in the US. Borough Queens in New York City is home to the largest Asian American population and largest Andean populations (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world. The Chinese population is the fastest-growing nation in New York State; several satellites from the original Manhattan Chinatown, in Brooklyn, and around Flushing, Queens, developed as a traditional urban enclave - while also extending rapidly eastward to the Nassau suburb of Long Island, as the metropolitan areas of New York and New York State has become a major destination for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York City and beyond, with the largest Chinese metropolitan diaspora outside Asia, including about 812,410 people by 2015. In 2012, 6, 3% of New York City is ethnic Chinese, with nearly three quarters living in Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island. A community of 20,000 Korean-Chinese ( Chaoxianzu or Joseonjok ) is based in Flushing, Queens, while New York City is also home to the largest Tibetan population outside of China, India , and Nepal, also based in Queens. Korea comprises 1.2% of the city's population, and Japan 0.3%. The Philippines is Southeast Asia's largest ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnam, which represents 0.2% of the New York City population in 2010. The Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladesh and Pakistan at 0.7% and 0.5% respectively. Queens is the preferred residential district for the Indians of Asia, Korea, the Philippines, and Malaysia and other Southeast Asia; while Brooklyn received a large number of Indian Indian and Western Asian immigrants.
New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic whites in every American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, the non-Hispanic whites population of New York is larger than the non-Hispanic white population of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The non-Hispanic whites population was 6.6 million in 1940. The non-Hispanic whites population has begun to increase since 2010. European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to the 2012 Census estimate, there are about 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 British Americans. In addition, Greece and France of America number 65,000 each, with people of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans number 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. The men who identified the ancestors of Spain totaled 30,838 in total in 2010. The Norwegian and Swedish descendants each numbered about 20,000, while those from Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all amounted to between 12,000-14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, particularly Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the non-Hispanic urban white population, mentioning more than 30,000, and including more than half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, mostly settled in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are heavily concentrated in the Bronx.
The broader metropolitan area of ​​New York City, with more than 20 million people, about 50% larger than second place in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the United States, is also ethnically diverse, with the largest overseas-born population of any metropolitan area in World. The New York Region continues to be the foremost metropolitan gate for legal immigrants entering the United States, substantially exceeding the combined total of Los Angeles and Miami. It is home to the largest Jewish and Israeli community outside Israel, with a Jewish population in the region totaling more than 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of Indian Indians and at least 20 Little India pockets, and 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns; the largest Asian Indian population in the western hemisphere; the largest population of American Russia, American Italy, and African Americans; America's largest Dominican, Puerto Rico America, and South America and the second largest total Hispanic population in the United States, amounts to 4.8 million; and includes some Chinatowns established in New York City alone.
Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Brazil are the top South American countries for legal immigrants to the New York City area by 2013; Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. In the wake of the migration of Puerto Rico to New York City, this population has risen to about 1.3 million in the metropolitan area by 2013.
Sex Sexual orientation and gender identity
The New York metropolitan area is home to a prominent gay and bisexual community identifying nearly 570,000 people, the largest in the United States and one of the largest in the world. Same-sex marriage in New York is legalized on June 24, 2011 and authorized to begin 30 days thereafter. Charles Kaiser, author of The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America , writes that in the post-World War II era, "New York City became a literal gay metropolis for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from within and without America States: the place they choose to learn how to live openly, honestly and unabashedly. "The annual pride of the New York City March (or gay pride parade) crosses Fifth Avenue to the south and ends at Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan; parade rival Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of street viewers every June.
Transgender contributions
Wayne R. Dynes, author of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, writes that transvestites were the only "transgender people around" during the June 1969 Stonewall riots. "None of them really contributed greatly to this movement." Others say the transgender community in New York City played an important role in fighting for LGBT equality during the period of Stonewall and subsequent riots. New York City is home to the largest transgender population in the United States, estimated at 25,000 by 2016. However, until the Stonewall riots, this community has felt marginalized and ignored by the gay community.
Religion
Christianity (59%) - consisting of Roman Catholics (33%), Protestants (23%), and other Christians (3%) - is the most common religion in New York, in 2014. This was followed by Judaism, with about 1 , 1 million followers, more than half live in Brooklyn. The Jewish population constituted 18.4% of the city. Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers, including 10% of the city's public school children. The three largest groups are followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and various other religions, as well as atheism. By 2014, 24% of New Yorkers identify with no organized religious affiliation.
Wealth and income difference
New York City has a high-level income disparity as shown by the Gini Coefficient of 0.5 for the city as a whole and 0.6 for Manhattan. In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $ 2,749, representing the highest number among major countries in the United States. By 2017, New York City has the highest number of billionaires in every city in the world at 103, including former Mayor Michael Bloomberg. New York also has the highest millionaires per capita density among major US cities by 2014, amounting to 4.6% of the population. New York City is one of the few cities in America that attracts income tax (currently about 3%) for its residents.
Economy
City economic description
New York is a global business and trading hub. The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media, traditional media, advertising, legal services, accounting, insurance, theater, fashion and art in the United States; while Silicon Alley, widely known for the broad spectrum of high-tech New York, continues to grow. New York and New Jersey ports are also the main economic engines, handling cargo volumes recorded in the first half of 2014. In February 2017, New York City's unemployment rate fell to 4.3%, the lowest in recorded city history, with cities reaching the status of what many economists call "full employment".
Many Fortune 500 companies are headquartered in New York City, as do a large number of multinational companies. One in ten private sector jobs in the city is with foreign companies. The city of New York has ranked first among cities around the world in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City to be ranked first American Cities of the Future FDi Magazine for 2013.
Real estate is a major force in the city economy, as the total value of all New York City properties is valued at US $ 1.072 trillion for fiscal year 2017, an increase of 10.6% from a year earlier with 89% increase coming from market securities. The Time Warner Center is the city's highest listed market value of US $ 1.1 billion in 2006. New York City is home to some of the most valuable real estate - and the most valuable in the world. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007 for US $ 510 million, about $ 1,589 per square foot ($ 17,104/mÃ,²), breaking the record for almost one month for an American office building for $ 1,476 per square foot ($ 15,887/m²) in June 2007 660 Madison Avenue sales. According to Forbes , by 2014, Manhattan is home to six of the top ten ZIP Codes in the United States at average home prices. Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan orders the world's highest retail rental, at a price of US $ 3,000 per square foot ($ 32,000/m 2 ) by 2017.
In 2013, the global advertising agency Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, have combined annual revenues of approximately US $ 21 billion, reflecting the role of New York City as the top global center for the advertising industry, metonymously called "Madison Avenue". The city's fashion industry provides about 180,000 employees with $ 11 billion in annual wages.
Other key sectors include medical research and technology, nonprofits, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of work, although the city's garment industry shows a resurgence in Brooklyn. Food processing is a US $ 5 billion industry that employs over 19,000 inhabitants.
Chocolate is a leading specialty food export in New York City, with exports up to US $ 234 million annually. Entrepreneurs form the "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn in 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be based in Manhattan.
Wall Street
The most important economic sector in New York City lies in its role as the headquarters for the US financial industry, known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, citing 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and important economic engine, accounting for 2012 for 5 percent of city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US $ 3.8 billion) of tax revenues , and 22 percent of the total city wage, including an average salary of US $ 360,700. Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to many financial startup companies.
Lower Manhattan is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, represents the world's largest and second largest stock market, respectively, when measured both by average daily trading volume and by capitalization the total market of their registered company in 2013. The investment cost of banking on Wall Street is around $ 40 billion in 2012, while in 2013, senior New York City bank officials managing risk and compliance function earn as much as $ 324,000 per year. In fiscal 2013-14, Wall Street's securities industry generates 19% of New York State tax revenues. New York City remains the largest global center for public equity trading and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and development of US economic finance. In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank tariffs offered from the British Bankers Association. New York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Some investment banks and investment managers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers. New York is also a major commercial banking center in the United States.
Many of the largest media conglomerates in the world are also based in the city. Manhattan has over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m 2 ) of office space by 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37, 2 million m 2 ) by 2015, is the largest business district districts in the world.
Silicone Alley
Silicon Alley, headquartered in Manhattan, has evolved into a metonym for a scope that includes the metropolitan high-tech industry in New York City involving the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, financial technology (" > FinTech "), and other fields in information technology supported by entrepreneurial ecosystems and venture capital investment. By 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US $ 7.3 billion in venture capital investment across a broad spectrum of high-tech companies, mostly based in Manhattan, with others in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. Startup companies and high-tech companies grew up in New York City and its territory, supported by the city's position in North America as a leading Internet and telecommunication center, including surrounding areas for several transatlantic fiber-optic cable lines, the intellectual capital of New York, and outdoor wireless connectivity. large. Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, is in the final stages of 2014 to complete upgrades of $ 3 billion worth of fiber optic telecommunications throughout New York City. In 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the technology sector.
The biotech sector is also growing in New York City, based on the city's strengths in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice to Cornell University and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US $ 2 billion college of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island in order to transform New York City into a technology capital major world. In mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment company, has raised more than US $ 30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & amp; Johnson, for initial funding to make biotechnology startup at the Alexandria Science Center, which covers over 700,000 square feet (65,000 m 2 ) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration between scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with the nearest academic, medical, and research institutions. New York City Corporation's Initial Phase Financing initiatives and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures and Eli Lilly, are committed to a minimum of US $ 100 million to help launch 15 to 20 businesses in life sciences and biotechnology.
Tourism
Tourism is an important industry for New York City, which has witnessed an increasing volume of international and domestic tourists combined, receiving an eighth annual record of approximately 62.8 million visitors by 2017. Tourism has generated the highest-ever revenue of 61.3 billion dollars US as a whole. the economic impact for New York City in 2014, waiting for the 2015 statistics. About 12 million visitors to New York City are from outside the United States, with the highest numbers from the UK, Canada, Brazil and China.
I Like New York (style I? NY ) is the logo and song that is the basis of advertising campaign and has been used since 1977 to promote tourism in New York City, and then to promote New York State too. The trademarked logo, owned by the State of New Empire State Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the city and state, some licensed, many who do not. The song is a New York state song.
Major tourist destinations include Times Square; Broadway theater production; Empire State Building; statue of Liberti; Ellis Island; United Nations Headquarters; museums such as the Metropolitan Art Museum; green spaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; Chinatown Manhattan; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events like the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village; Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade; Rockefeller Center Christmas Lighting; St. Petersburg day parade Patrick; seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the winter; Tribeca Film Festival; and a free show at Central Park in Summerstage. Major attractions in the area beyond Manhattan include Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and Unisphere in Queens; Bronx Zoo; Coney Island, Brooklyn; and New York Botanical Gardens in the Bronx. The New York Wheel, a 630-foot-tall Ferris wheel, is being built on the north coast of Staten Island in 2015, facing the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and Lower Manhattan ceiling.
Manhattan are on track to have an estimated 9
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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