The Railway Express Agency (established as American Railway Express Agency; later, American Railway Express Inc. ) is a national packet delivery service operating in America United from 1918 to 1975. REA regulates transport and shipping through existing rail infrastructure, just as UPS or DHL companies currently use road and air transport. It was created through the forced consolidation of existing services into a monopoly near the federal to ensure the rapid and safe movement of packages, money and goods during World War I.
REA ceased operations in 1975, when its business model ceased to be viable.
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Express delivery at the beginning of the 19th century is almost all done by horses, either by stagecoach or riders. The first packet express board in the United States is generally considered to have been started by William Frederick Harnden (1812-1845), who in 1839 embarked on a routine journey between New York City and Boston, Massachusetts, as a courier carrying small packages, currencies and other valuables. One more, Wells Fargo & amp; Co., was founded in 1853 by William G. Fargo, a New York Central cargo officer in Auburn, New York, and Henry Wells, a leather worker in Batavia, New York. Other pioneer parade pioneers include Henry B. Plant, who formed Southern Express Company; Alvin Adams, who founded Adams Express Company; and John Warren Butterfield.
The express business grew in the second half of the 19th century, and in 1900 there were four major packet delivery companies, all of which included the rapidly growing railway as one of their means of transportation: Adams Express Company, South Express Company, American Express Company, and Wells Fargo. Another competitor arrived in 1913: US Post Office with its Parcel Post service. However, private express rail business increased steadily during the end of World War I.
During the winter of 1917, the United States suffered from severe coal shortages. On December 26, President Woodrow Wilson ordered trains on behalf of the United States government to move federal troops, their supplies, and coal. Finance Minister William Gibbs McAdoo was assigned to consolidate the railroad for war effort. All contracts between express companies and railroads were canceled and McAdoo proposed that all existing express companies be consolidated into one company to serve the needs of the country. The result was that a new company called the American Railway Express Agency was formed in July 1918. The new entity took all the equipment collected and the properties of the existing express company (the largest, 40%, came from American Express, which has the right to express business more than 71,280 miles (114,710 km) from the railway line, and has 10,000 offices, with more than 30,000 employees). During World War I, the US Railway Administration (USRA) took over the national railway. Under USRA, four major companies and three small express companies are consolidated as American Railway Express, Inc., except for parts of Southern Express that operate on the Southern Rail and Mobile & amp; Ohio.
In March 1929, the assets and operations of American Railway Express Inc. transferred to the Railway Express Agency (REA). REA is owned by 86 railroad tracks comparable to the express traffic on their lane; none of the trains or railroad groups controlling the agency. In response to customer requests, REA added a line of refrigerator cars to Chicago, Illinois. In 1927, REA started the Air Express Division. In 1938, the rest of the Southern Express also joined the consolidated REA.
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Post World War II
Due to tariff increases, express operations remained profitable until the 1950s. REA concentrated on expansive fridge services after 1940, and continued expanding its express delivery fleet until the mid to late 1950s, business declined dramatically thanks to competition from refrigerated motor trucks. At this time, the overall rail express volume has also decreased substantially.
In 1959, REA negotiated a new contract that allowed it to use any mode of transportation. It also earned the right to allow advanced services by trucking after the passenger train was stopped. REA is also trying to enter the horse-business business and container, with no results. Another blow comes when the Civil Aeronautical Board terminates REA's exclusive agreement with airlines for air express.
REA Express and declined
In the early 1960s, the Railway Express Agency was renamed to REA Express. In 1965 many REA refrigerator cars, which have now been stripped of their cooling equipment, are in rental services as carriers of mass mailings. Many ended their days in exile to the railroad service.
In 1969, after several years of losses, REA was sold to five officers of the company. At that time the entire business accounted for less than ten percent of all intercity package traffic, while only ten percent of its business was driven by trains.
REA Express became involved in extensive litigation with railroads and United Parcel Service as well as with the Union of Railway Workers Union. In November 1975, REA Express ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy. During the October 1974 strike, the first Altair 8800 microcomputer was lost, as it was sent from Albuquerque to New York to Popular Electronics magazine a few weeks earlier through the REA and never arrived.
References
- Historical Guide for North American Train, George Drury, ed. Kalmbach Publishing Co. 1985 edition
- The Adams Express Company: 150 Years (corporate history largely devoted to its express-relative past)
External links
- NRHS Archive: Express Agent
- Northeast Railway: Express Rail Agency
- Drury, George H. (2006-06-05). "Railway Express Agency: Yesterday Federal Express". Train Magazine . Kalmbach Publishing. Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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