The universal testing ( UTM ) machine, also known as the universal tester , the material testing machine or the test frame material , is used to test the tensile strength and compressive strength of the material. The previous name for the tensile test machine is tensometer . The "universal" part of the name reflects that it can perform many standard tensile and compression tests on materials, components, and structures (in other words, that it is versatile).
Video Universal testing machine
Components
Some variations are in use. Common components include:
- Loading frame - Usually consists of two strong support for the machine. Some small machines have one support.
- Load cell - Required style transducer or other means to measure load. Periodic calibration is usually required by setting rules or quality systems.
- Cross head - Movable cross (the chapter title) is controlled to move up or down. Usually this at a constant speed: sometimes called constant level extension (CRE) engine. Some machines can program crosshead speed or cycle testing, constant force testing, test on constant deformation, etc. Electromechanical, servo-hydraulic, linear actuators, and resonance drivers are used.
- Means for measuring extensions or deformations - Many tests require response sizes from test specimens to cross head movement. Extensometer is sometimes used.
- Output device - How to provide test results is required. Some older machines have a dial or digital display and a graphic recorder. Many newer machines have computer interfaces for analysis and printing.
- Conditioning - Many tests require controlled conditioning (temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.). The machine can be in a controlled room or a special environmental room can be placed around the test specimen for testing.
- Test equipment, jaw holding specimens, and related sample-making equipment are called in many test methods.
Maps Universal testing machine
Use
The settings and their use are detailed in test methods, often published by standard organizations. It determines sample preparation, improvement, length measurement (length under study or observation), analysis, etc.
Specimens placed in the machine between the grip and the extensometer if required can automatically record changes in length during the test. If the extensometer is not installed, the machine itself can record the movement between the cross heads in which the specimen is held. However, this method not only records changes in the length of the specimen but also all other extension/elastic components of the test machine and the drive system including the slip of the specimen in the grip.
After the engine starts, start applying an increased load on the specimen. During testing, the control system and associated software record the load and extension or compression of the specimen.
The machine ranges from a very small top-table system to more than 53 MN (12 million lbf) capacity.
See also
- Modulus of elasticity
- The stress-strain curve
- Young's modulus
- Neck (technique)
References
- ASTM E74 - Practice for Power Measurement Calibration to Verify Power Machine Testing Indications
- ASTM E83 - Practices for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
- ASTM E1012 - Practice for Verification of the Test Framework and Specimen Alignment under Application of Voltage Stress and Axial Compression
- ASTM E1856 - Standard Guidelines for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Test Machines
- JIS K7171 - Standard for determining flextural strength for plastic & amp; product
External links
- Ã, New Student Reference Work . Chicago: FE Compton and Co.
- Video from a universal test machine that performs a tensile test
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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