Betsy Storm was a powerful and destructive tropical storm that brought widespread damage to the Florida and Gulf Coast regions of the central United States in September 1965. An erratic natural storm, coupled with its intensity and minimizing preparation time contributed to making Betsy as the first tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin to generate at least $ 1 billion in damage. While storms mainly affect the area of ​​south Florida and Louisiana, lower effects are felt in the Bahamas and as far as land in the United States as the Ohio River Valley. Betsy begins as a tropical depression in northern French Guiana on August 27, and is strengthened as it moves northwestward in general. After executing the anticyclonic circle north of the Bahamas, Betsy went on to move through the southern Florida region on September 8, causing extensive crop damage. After appearing in the Gulf of Mexico, the typhoon strengthened and reached its peak intensity equivalent to a Category 4 storm on Sept. 10 before landing near the Grand Isle, Louisiana, shortly thereafter. Once inside the interior, Betsy was slow to weaken, and survived for two more days before turning into an extratropical storm; these remnants lasted until 13 September.
As a growing tropical storm, Betsy traces the northern Leeward Islands, producing moderate gusts and little rain, although only minimal damage is reported. After tracking open waters for several days, Betsy has significantly strengthened as it moves across the Bahamas. There, great damage occurred, especially for plants in the archipelago of the archipelago. For the island chain, Betsy is considered the worst hurricane since tropical cyclones affected the region in 1929. Extensive power cuts and property damage occurred due to strong storm winds. Overall, the damage in the Bahamas amounts to at least $ 14 million, and one death occurs. From there Betsy tracks to the west and makes landfall in southern Florida, where it is considered the worst tropical storm since the cyclone in 1926. The powerful Betsy wave storm flooded most of the Florida Keys, flooding the streets and causing massive damage. The only route from the Keys to the mainland was cut off by the storm. In the state alone, Betsy caused $ 139 million in damages and five deaths.
The most severe impact of Betsy was felt in Louisiana, where it made the landing as a powerful category 4 hurricane. The cyclone propelled a destructive storm wave to Lake Pontchartrain, breaking through the embankment in New Orleans and flooding several neighborhoods, notably the Ninth Nave at the very bottom. Strong winds cause widespread electricity and telecommunication disturbances throughout the region. Farther inland, the effect posed by Betsy was much weaker, though the rain caused by the storm extended as far as northeastern Pennsylvania. Rainfall is particularly useful in Arkansas, although local floods have an impact on rice and cotton. In Kentucky and Illinois, high winds cause moderate property damage. By the time Betsy's remains moved to the northeastern United States, hurricanes and precipitation have been substantially reduced, and thus the resulting wind damage can be ignored while rainfall benefits plants. In total, the damage caused by Betsy during its existence equated to about $ 1.43 billion, making it the most expensive Atlantic storm at the time. Besides the typhoon caused 81 deaths, especially in Louisiana. After the season, the United States Weather Bureau withdrew Betsy's name from the list of names of tropical cyclones circling.
Video Hurricane Betsy
Riwayat meteorologi
The origins of Hurricane Betsy can be traced back to the disturbed southwestern weather area of ​​Cape Verde that was first identified through the TIROS satellite image on 23 August. Tracking west, the tropical waves were intercepted by US Navy reconnaissance aircraft at the beginning of August 27, which concluded that the disturbance had become a medium-intensity tropical cyclone. Based on flight information, it is estimated that the system has been set into a tropical depression by 0000 UTC on August 27, 350 mi (560 km) east-southeast of Barbados. Although operationally the office of the United States Weather Bureau in San Juan, Puerto Rico increased the disruption to the intensity of tropical storms three hours after their first tropical wind bulletin on the same day, post analysis showed that tropical depression remained at the same intensity until 1200 UTC on August 29. Nonetheless, tropical cyclones are named Betsy for a period of time as tropical depression, contrary to typical tropical cyclone tagging procedures. When Betsy approached the Windward Islands, the island began to move northwestward, and briefly was in the Caribbean Sea during the night of August 28 before re-emerging into the Atlantic Ocean the next day, after which Betsy was upgraded to a tropical storm classification in post- analysis.
After moving to the northwest of the Leeward Islands, Betsy entered a favorable condition for a marked development. A top tier centered near the northern tropical storm improves the outflow and divergence rates. Under these conditions, Betsy continued to intensify rapidly, and the surveillance missions assigned by the United States Air Force and Weather Bureau showed that the tropical storm had reached a storm intensity by 0000 UTC on August 30, centered around 200 mi (320 km) north-east sea ​​from Puerto Rico. Incidentally, the estimated responsibility was transferred to the Weather Bureau Office in Miami, Florida at the same time; However, the storm was still under the scope of the Weather Bureau. Due to the rising altitude of atmospheric pressure to the north, Betsy drastically slows down speed and intensification ahead, and remains silent for a period of August 31 before it begins to drift westward. On September 2, Betsy began to intensify rapidly, and after strengthening into Category 3 a storm-equivalent - a massive storm on the modern Saffir-Simpson storm wind scales - a small storm reached the intensity of Category 4 and reached its initial peak intensity with 140 mph (220 km/) at 0000 UTC on September 4, while located north of Turks and Caicos.
However, on September 5, a high-pressure blockage outpost located above the Eastern States forced Betsy to create tight, clockwise loops and tracks on an unusual southwest line, leading him to Florida and the Bahamas. At about the same time, the typhoon weakened to Category 2 intensity, although it was later reinforced to Category 3 intensity on 6 September. The southwestern atypical pathway of Betsy brings directly to several islands in northern Bahamas, including Great Abaco Island. After stalling for the third time over parts of the central Bahamas, a massive storm returned to the previous western path to South Florida. Early September 8, Betsy made a landing at Key Largo in extreme southeastern Florida with 125 mph (205 km/h) winds and a minimum barometric pressure of 953 mbar (hPa; 28,15 inHg). Without much change in strength, intense storms quickly crossed the Upper Keys and Florida Bay before appearing noon on September 8 to the Gulf of Mexico.
Located in the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico on September 8, Betsy began to strengthen and accelerate west and then northwest, under the influence of the same high-pressure ridge that had forced it southwestward three days earlier. At about the same time, the storm surgery operation was handed over to the Weather Bureau Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. During the trip through the bay, Betsy accelerated to a maximum speed of 22 mph forward (35 km/h), high anomalous speed for a tropical cyclone across the Gulf of Mexico. At 0600Ã, UTC on September 9, the storm is expected to regain Category 4 intensity, and continues to strengthen as it approaches the Gulf Coast of Central United States. At 0000 UTC on the following day, Betsy reached its main peak intensity with a wind speed of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 941 mbar (hPa: 27.79 inHg) shortly before moving to shore in the adjacent coastal Louisiana countryside. to Houma and Grand Isle on September 10th. Once inland, Betsy quickly weakened, and aligned the Mississippi River before turning into a tropical depression at 0600 UTC the next day. After that, start tracing northeastward along the Ohio River before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on 12 September. The rest of Betsy's extracurricular circulation survives south of Ohio before being completely thrown away by 0000 UTC on September 13th.
Maps Hurricane Betsy
Preparation
Bahamas, Cuban, and Florida
At Cape Kennedy, NASA postponed the installation of the Atlas-Centaur rocket that will be used to launch the aircraft to the Moon as part of the Surveyor Program on September 2nd. Several other rockets prepared on site launch pads are prepared for emergency possibilities. scramble if the storm impacts the area. Other American space personnel stationed on Grand Turk and Mayaguana Islands began preparations after the US Air Force issued a warning. 1 for the region. Personnel from a small post at Allan Cay were evacuated to the Grand Bahama, although there were indications at a time when Betsy would veer away from the Bahamas or the East Coast of the United States. In Brunswick, Naval Air Station Glynco in Georgia, 21 fighter jets were evacuated to the mainland. On September 4, the helicopter arrived at Frying Pan Shoals Light to evacuate the lighthouse operator because of the impending threat of a storm attack. In the Palm Beach area, a group composed of regional Red Cross disaster chiefs, Forest W. Dana and the nearest city officials held a non-stop radio service almost non-stop. Red Cross volunteers at The Carolinas set up three district headquarters to prepare shelters, first aid programs, and communications. The aid agency also prepared seven first aid trucks and food in New Bern and Wilmington townships in North Carolina and Charleston, South Carolina. The US Department of Agriculture prepares food supplies in the event of an emergency for both countries.
After Betsy stops and takes the southwest path to south Florida, precautions stop at the Carolina but begin in Florida and the Bahamas. Mackey Airlines assisted in the evacuation of 227 West End Island residents to Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and West Palm Beach, Florida, for three flights. Three additional Douglas DC-6 aircraft from Mackey Airlines evacuated 240 people, mainly American tourists, from Nassau to Miami. Commercial flights between the islands and Florida were canceled due to the impending storm. In Florida, aid agencies set up 9,000 hot dogs, 8,000 hamburgers, and 6,000 chicken servings, donated to local hospitals and charities. The United States Weather Bureau is urging to reopen closed-door grocery stores and lumbers yard for Labor Day to increase availability of storm preparedness materials for potentially affected populations. In downtown Miami, a traffic coordination plan for the evacuation of vehicles and watercraft through the Brickell Avenue Bridge has been established. Homestead Air Reserve Base goes to Phase 2 of the hurricane preparedness plan, where the aircraft stationed at the base is served for potential evacuations to bases in Michigan and Indiana. After Betsy's recursive southwest to the peninsula on September 7, the Weather Bureau strongly advocated evacuation procedures between Fort Lauderdale and Key Largo. Evacuation is strongly recommended in the Florida Keys, where water rises as a result of a potentially flooded storm part of Route 1 AS - the only main access route from Keys to the mainland. Overall, an estimated 50,000 residents are in coastal areas where evacuation is recommended. The US Navy left its housing project on Big Pine Key to evade the storm, while sheriff's deputies in Marathon, Tavernier, and Islamorada strongly advocated evacuation in their respective cities. Offices, businesses and schools closed before the storm. The airline canceled service to Fort Lauderdale and Miami. In the latter, the city crews dismantled the traffic lights along Biscayne Boulevard; the procedure was affected by the damage inflicted by Hurricane Cleo a year earlier.
On September 7, the United States Weather Bureau predicted that Betsy would make landfall in Matanzas Province in Cuba. The Cuban National Observatory expressed concern over the island's northern coast from Havana province to CamagÃÆ'¼ey, and in particular the provinces of Matanzas and Las Villas. Radio Cuba warns residents along the country's north coast, potentially threatened by storms, to take necessary precautions in emergencies. The radio service in Havana warned residents along the coast of Pinar del RÃÆ'o Province that have the potential to cause a dangerous storm, and urged immediate preventive measures.
United States Gulf Coast
Watches and warnings
After Betsy's operational development into a tropical storm on August 27, the San Juan Weather Bureau issued a gale warning for Barbados, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Martinique. The weather office advised small boats on the Windward Islands and Leeward to remain at the harbor until the storm passed. The gale warning was later expanded to include Dominica and Guadeloupe the next day. At noon on August 28, the warning was revealed for Barbados and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and raised to the territory of the northern Leeward Islands and then Puerto Rico. Late that day, the memorials in Dominica and Guadeloupe were stopped. All warnings related to the developing tropical storm were stopped for a period of August 29, as Betsy withdrew from any land. After a cyclone was temporarily halted and started to head west on September 1, the Weather Bureau began to warn of interest in the Bahamas. Although no warnings were set, tropical cyclone tracers predicted storm-powerful winds and strong waves to affect Turks and Caicos and Mayaguana Islands; Such an estimate changed after Betsy began to trace northwest. Threatening the coast of Georgia and The Carolinas on September 4, the Weather Bureau announced the possibility of a typhoon storm for the coastal area, but decided to delay the issuance of the watch due to Betsy's slow motion at the time. Nevertheless, the organization recommends for small craft in coastal waters adjacent to the beach between Cape Kennedy to Sandy Hook, New Jersey to stay at the harbor, and other small craft in north Miami, Florida and into the waters of the Bahamas to be careful. As a result of Betsy carrying out the loop and starting to trace southwestward, these watches were never issued, however, the Weather Bureau suggested extreme warnings in some Bahamian islands, although once again no warnings were determined. However, a general emergency storm warning was issued early on Sept. 16 for islands in northern Bahamas, as well as adjacent waters. Storm watches and wind warnings are also issued to the surrounding islands at the same time. These warnings and surveillance products for the Bahamas are held until the end on 7 September.
At the beginning of September 6, when Betsy was tracking through the Bahamas, a storm warning and a strong wind warning was issued to parts of the coast of Southeast Florida from Cape Kennedy to Key West. However, by the end of the day, the zone zone watching from Palm Beach to Key West and Everglades City was upgraded to an emergency storm warning status. Additional storm watches are hoisted for Florida's west coast from Everglades City to Punta Gorda. The following night, the storm warning emergency zone expanded to cover the eastern coastal areas to the north to Fort Pierce and on the west coast to the north to Venice. Earthquake memorials were also extended to cover coastal areas from Jacksonville to St Marks. Hurricane watches are equally expanded to cover the Florida coastal areas from the storm warning borders to Daytona Beach and Cedar Keys on the east and west coasts of the peninsula, respectively. After Betsy began to move through the peninsula, however, warnings and watch products began to be stopped by the county, with all Florida-related products halted by midday on September 8th. 8. After leaving Florida, the first storm monitoring associated with the Central Gulf Coast of the United States occurred on September 8, when the Weather Bureau office in New Orleans issued a storm watch for the coastal area from Matagorda Bay to the Mississippi River Delta. Early the next day, emergency storm warnings were issued for areas stretching from Galveston, Texas to the Mississippi River Delta and wind warnings elsewhere from Mobile Bay to Matagorda Bay. After completing its recess, the storm warning to the northwest shifted eastward to enter the area from the mouth of the Mississippi Delta River to Mobile, Alabama. Earthquake memorials are affected by this change, and thus also expanded to cover the western region of Panama City, Florida. On September 9, the storm warning was once again extended eastward to Pensacola, Florida, while they were relegated to the Texas coast. These warnings remained in effect until September 10, when Betsy was weak enough not to guarantee such warnings and watches.
Impact
The Effect of Betsy's Storm is a far and unprecedented severity. Although impact levels are limited to the Bahamas and parts of the United States, the damage in these areas is considerable. According to the Storm Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanography and Meteorology Laboratory, Betsy produces a 3 category wind (111 mph (179 km/h) or larger) in Southeast Florida and Southeast Louisiana. However, winds of such intensity are also reported in the Bahamas. The final damage figure calculated from 1.42 billion US dollars in damage costs makes Betsy the first tropical cyclone in the United States to generate more than $ 1 billion in damage, not adjusted for inflation. For this reason, tropical cyclones are nicknamed "Billion Dollar Betsy."
Bahamas
During Betsy's early approach from the Bahamas on September 2, strong waves and high waves were reported on the southeastern islands, although no damage was reported. Much of the damage inflicted to the Bahamas by Betsy occurred between 6-8 September, when tropical storms moved across northern Bahamas as Category 3 hurricanes. The previous trails were similar to other major storms in 1929, which also drastically veered southwestward before causing significant damage to island groups. Likewise, Betsy is considered the worst storm to attack the region since then. Experiencing Bahamas for some time while crossing the islands, some locations retained the Betsy effect for long periods of time, despite its relatively small size. Extensive power cuts and a blackout of communications ensued, preventing the flow of reports between the northern Bahamas and other outlets when the storm occurred. This includes NASA's communications center at Cape Kennedy, which lost contact with the missile tracking station in the archipelago. During the duration of the storm, the measured lowest pressure was 961 mbar (hPa; 28,40 inHg) at Dunmore Town on Harbor Island. However, no wind measurements are recorded in addition to pressure readings due to the resulting power failures.
Abroad, Dutch freighter Sarah Elizabeth was caught on the high seas and lost control of the wheel when it was pulled by a continuous wave action towards Egg Island. As a result, the ship operator delivered the SOS signal, which the Coast Guard responded by sending a cutter and some merchant ships to help escort the affected ship to safety. However, about five hours later Sarah Elizabeth's crew was able to navigate to safer waters within the Providence Channel. Two luxury cruises inside the harbor were destroyed, with dozens of small boats damaged, as a result of wind and waves.
Passing north of Nassau, Betsy caused considerable damage to the capital and the rest of New Providence Island as the stormy winds stalled in the area. The last message received by the Miami Weather Bureau office of the communications operator in Nassau during the storm was a wind report of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a vicious sea on September 6. Strong winds uprooted power lines, trees, and destroyed homes, while torrential rain, after a few days of accumulation, flooded city streets. Other streets are filled with coconut, palm leaf, and other debris blown or overpowered by strong winds. Large losses of shrubs are also reported due to storm effects. A powerful storm surge is estimated to be 10 feet (3.0 m) swept into the Bay Street beachside shopping district, flooding the famous shopping area. The banning of the local police, hiding inside the beach barracks, was forced to take shelter at a nearby high school because of a storm surge. Along the coast, 500 American tourists remain stranded in a seaside hotel. Despite the severe effect, only one person died in the Nassau area after his ship was destroyed and overturned in the Port of Nassau; this would be the only death associated with Betsy in the Bahamas.
At the West End in Grand Bahama, the weather station reports maximum sustained winds of 89 mph (143 km/h), with other locations elsewhere on the island experiencing gusts of at least 60 mph (97 km/h). However, no damage was reported. Of all the islands, the strongest winds are reported on Abaco Island, where the region is in a hurricane of Betsy for more than 20 hours. At Green Turtle Cay, a station records a wind speed of 151 mph (243 km/h), falling into the category of 4 intensities on the scale of modern Saffir-Simpson hurricanes. Other stations in Hope Town measure a peak wind blow of 178 mph (286 km/h). The entire Hope City is covered with sand to a depth of 2 feet (0.61 m), and the local port club is badly damaged. Other docks are damaged or totally destroyed. Despite the relatively small rainfall, coastal floods destroy many houses until they can not be repaired. At Marsh Harbor, the majority of homes are not done. Damage caused by large crops and fruits is reported in Little and Northern Abaco, with damage calculated in excess of one million dollars. In the southern Berry Islands, which experienced storm-force winds for more than 25 hours and eyes for 3 hours, all the islands were damaged to some degree. Frazers Hog Cay has several houses that are badly damaged, one totally destroyed and the entire distribution of electricity destroyed. Only Bird Cay, which has underground utilities, is able to recover electricity and water the next day. The port at Chub Cay is badly damaged. and it took months to fix.
Across the northern part of Eleuthera Island, Betsy made great damage. Communication from the missile tracking center on the island was lost, with the last sent message showing a 130 mph (210 km/h) wind that then destroyed the anemometer. The submarine communication cable connecting the missile tracking center to Cape Kennedy is cut off by strong waves. At Tarpum Baya police station suffered heavy damage after being hit by a storm surge. Installment and other beach property were badly damaged by the waves. The Glass Window Bridge is also damaged by storm surges. Elsewhere, vehicles damaged by falling debris were kicked by strong winds associated with Betsy. Overall, Betsy Storm caused about $ 14 million of damage throughout the Bahamas, especially for crops. Insurance claims are estimated at $ 4 million. Low mortality due to storms accredited by the US Weather Bureau against relatively low storm surges, which, although rough, can be ignored in areas including in Nassau, and heed the hurricane storm warning by affected people.
Florida
Beginning on September 7th, intermittent squalls associated with the outer rainbands of Betsy's began to affect the coast, generating gusts of more than 60 mph (97 km/h). One of these storms uprooted trees and ruined the tent at Stuart. Early the next day, Betsy made a landing on the southeastern coast of Florida near Key Largo with a force equivalent to a category 3 hurricane. Strong winds were felt across the region, with the highest official wind speed hours at 125 mph (201Ã, km/h) at Big Pine Key ; the same station also noted the strongest breeze when Betsy was in southern Florida at 165 mph (266 km/h). The lowest barometric pressure recorded was 952 mbar (hPa; 28.12Ã, inHg) at a station in Tavernier when inside the eye of a storm.
Strong winds knocked down power lines, causing widespread power outages and telecommunications outages. At one point, about 25,000 phones were disconnected from service, with half of the central telephone exchange operating on emergency backup power. Some detonated transformers triggered a local fire. One person died after being electrocuted by a falling power cord. The blackout cut electricity services to 80% of customers in the Miami and Fort Lauderdale areas. The house trailer was destroyed by debris flying in the same area. Some roads are blocked by debris thrown by the wind. The US Highway 1 in Florida was cut off by falling telephone poles, preventing ground access from the mainland to the Florida Keys. Similarly, many parts of the Tamiami Trail are blocked by fallen trees. A person is killed after the fallen tree falls, destroying the individual. At Miami International Airport, two twin-engine cargo ships were blown off the airport border. Severe agricultural losses result from strong winds as well. About 25 to 50 percent of the Florida citrus plants are damaged after being blown up by strong winds. In addition, 90% of avocado plants Dade and Broward counties, valued at $ 2 million, were destroyed.
Much of the damage caused by the state is caused by a tremendous storm surge, which floods the coastal areas and lowlands of Florida. Although the strongest storm surge is positioned north of the eye, away from the more populous areas of Greater Miami, a very high storm is still prevalent and causes extensive damage along the southern coast of the peninsula. Strong winds blow before the water landing Betsy force water from Florida Bay to the Florida Keys, and the damage it causes then gets worse as the south wind during and after the cyclone approach forces water from the Atlantic into isolated Keys. Although a storm surge is estimated to have peaked along the North Key Largo coast at 9 ft (2.7 m), the measurement of 7.7 ft (2.3 m) in Tavernier is the highest amount measured. However, the high water mark of 9Ã, ft (2.7 m) on the western highway from Sugarloaf Key indicates that the forecast in North Key Largo applies. Strong storm surges caused severe coastal erosion, mostly to the southern area of ​​Clearwater on the country's west coast while Betsy crossed the Gulf of Mexico. At Fort Pierce, the waves sweep the beach up to 10 feet (3.0 m).
Coastal floods in the Upper Keys are severe, with areas that are submerged under several meters of sea water. Along the coast of Miami Beach, a storm surge measuring 6.1 feet (1.9 m) caused extensive damage to coastline properties along the Bay of Biscayne. Eight people on the beach were injured, mainly due to flying glass fragments. The streets are flooded, with water exceeding the height of the first floor of some buildings. As a result of waves and winds, three barges were torn from their moorings, and then drifted up against the wind before deciding on a part of the Rickenbacker Causeway, making it impassable and isolating Key Biscayne from the mainland. Along the coast, the waves overflowed to the hotel and beach shelter.
Offshore, strong waves caused ship to collapse near Palm Beach, and nine people were stranded in a houseboat near mangrove islands in Biscayne Bay. Another cargo ship, Panama , ran aground in Lake Worth Inlet. At Key Largo, a 50 foot (50 m) sailboat is blown out of the water into the adjacent neighborhood. Elsewhere in Key Largo, homes are not disturbed by high winds, with other buildings damaged by flying debris. Water forced into the Miami River caused it to overflow and spread to the mainland for several city blocks in Miami. In the Miami area, Betsy caused the most severe puddle of water since a massive cyclone hit in 1926; this record is associated with the highest storm surge reported in years. The 5 m (8.0 km) section of State Road A1A, which borders Miami and nearby beaches, is blocked by sand dunes piled on land by strong winds. The tide also cleans some parts of the road between Fort Lauderdale and Pompano Beach.
Precipitation is localized, although heavy, in South Florida. Rainfall peaked at 11.80 inches (300 mm) at Key Plantation on September 8th. The weather station at Big Pine Key observes the second highest rainfall total at 10.52 at (267 mm). Elsewhere, precipitation spreads northward as far as Tampa Bay. Although intense, the rain helped to partially dampen the drought at the Everglades. No damage was reported to be related to rainfall. A total of three tornadoes were formed in association with Betsy, which two occurred when a large storm landed in South Florida. On September 8th, a tornado develops and tracks near the Marathon, while another takes place near the Big Pine Key; both tornadoes do not cause the reported damage. However, the tornado formed near Fort Walton Beach just off the Florida Panhandle the next day and then destroyed the marina with twelve boats. The relatively low number of tornadoes that formed as a result of Betsy was due to Betsy's fast-moving anomaly as it crossed the Florida peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico. In all, five people were killed in the state, and the damage reached $ 139 million, mainly due to the strong storm surge generated by Betsy.
Gulf of Mexico
The eight offshore oil platforms were destroyed during Betsy, with others damaged. A Shell oil platform at the mouth of the Mississippi River is out of sight. The Maverick oil rig, owned by future Zapata company president George H. W. Bush was also lost during the cyclone. It was insured by Lloyd's of London for US $ 5.7 million (1965 US dollars).
Louisiana
Hurricane Betsy struck New Orleans on the night of September 9, 1965. 110mph (180 km/h) winds and power failures were reported in New Orleans. The eye of a storm passes to the southwest of New Orleans on the northwest line. The north and west spies covered the Southeast of Louisiana and New Orleans from about 8 pm to 4 am the next morning. In Thibodaux winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) to 140 mph (230 km/h) are reported. The Baton Rouge weather bureau operates under additional strength, without telephone communications. At about 1 am, the worst wind and rain had ended.
Betsy also pushed storm surges into Lake Pontchartrain, just north of New Orleans, and Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, deep water delivery channel to the east and south. Embankment for Gulf Gulf Outlet Mississippi along Florida Avenue in the Lower Nine Ward and on both sides of the Industrial Canal failed. Flood water reaches the roof of the house in several places and on several roofs one floor in Lower Ninth Ward. Several residents drowned in their attic trying to escape from the rising water.
The violation of the embankment flooded the Gentilly, Ninth Upper Ward, and the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans and Arabi and Chalmette at St. Peter's Parish. Bernard is next to each other. President Lyndon Johnson visited the city, promising federal aid Mayor New Vic Schiro.
That's ten days or so before the water level in New Orleans goes down enough for people to return to their homes. It took longer than that to restore their flooded home to habitable conditions. Those who do not have family or friends with dry houses should sleep in shelters at night and look for supplies during the day, while waiting for the federal government to provide emergency assistance in the form of trailers. Overall, 164,000 homes were flooded on the second landing.
The evidence suggests that cheap construction and poor structure maintenance caused the failure of the embankment. However, popular rumors keep saying that they are deliberately violated, perhaps as a means of saving the more affluent French Quarter. But this is not possible; although the French Quarter is one of the city's highest geographical environments, during the first eighty years of the 20th century, the French Quarter is, in fact, an outmoded environment, mostly inhabited by low-income people, not given market prices to enter the 1980s era.
Many of the barges sailing on the Mississippi River were stormy. One barge, MTC-602 , contains 602 tons of deadly chlorine gas contained in the cylinder. Chlorine gas, often used as a chemical weapon in World War I, is a powerful irritant that can cause damage to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs, and (at high concentrations and prolonged exposure) causes death by asphyxia. It is estimated that the amount of chlorine loaded on the barge is enough to kill 40,000 people. The barge sank near Baton Rouge, where about 300,000 people live. Residents in the harbor area were evacuated until the barge was discovered. President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered the Navy and Army Engineers to find and raise the barge. Although it took months to find and make the right plan to raise the barge, the actual rapture takes about two hours. Barges reportedly recovered, without any problems, on November 12, 1965.
Mississippi
The storm produces rain, high waves, and high winds in Mississippi. Near the border with Alabama, a wave of 7 feet (2.1 m) is reported, while it is about 15 feet (4.6 m) tall near the state line with Louisiana. Wind speed also varies greatly across the state. In Pascagoula, winds between 40 and 65 mph (64 and 105 km/h) are recorded. Instead, the wind is over 100 mph (160 km/h) at Bay St. Louis. Despite high winds, much of the property damage in the state was caused by tides along the Gulf Coast. Strong winds and heavy rain caused significant crop damage in Harrison, Hancock County, Mississippi, and Jackson County, Mississippi. Across the state, 25,000 people lost electricity and more than 22,641 phone service interruptions occurred. Overall, the damage in the state of Mississippi reached $ 80 million (1965 USD).
Alabama
Although Betsy remains in the south and east of Alabama during its existence, its outer buoys and strong storm surges are causing damage in several states, especially in the southern states. On the coast, the storm surge caused by Betsy is the highest since 1916. The high waves peaked at 4.7 ft (56 inches) in Mobile destroyed and destroyed several private docks and waterfront buildings. The Mobile Bay Causeway and adjacent infrastructure are flooded by storm surges; consequently the cross road is closed between 9-10 September. Strong winds are also reported in southern Alabama. 80 mph (130 km/h) was reported on Dauphin Island off the coast of Alabama; this will be the most powerful wind or gusts that are reported across the state. Similarly, a gust of 75 mph (121 km/h) is estimated at the Port of Alabama. In the former, minor damage was reported to other residences and buildings, and many homes suffered minor roof and carport damage. Mobile County reported similar damage. Extensive damage to the utility lane in the same area also occurs. Strong winds also resulted in torn 20-25 percent of the harvest harvest of the country from their trees. Other crop damage is ignored.
Despite rainfall throughout Alabama, more rainfall in the northern part of the country after Betsy passed the area to the north as a weakened tropical storm. Rainfall peaked at 3.39 at (86 mm) in Guntersville. Betsy's outer rainbands also produced two tornadoes in the state. The first occurred in a remote area near Theodore and thus did not cause any damage. However, the second tornado, which landed near Cullman on September 11, destroyed several hectares of maize and toppled over 300 fruit trees. The tornado, described as one "long narrow", also slightly damaged several buildings and subverted a number of other trees. Although no total damage can be calculated, a tornado causes damage between $ 5,500- $ 55,000. Across the state, Betsy Storm caused $ 500,000 in damage.
Elsewhere
In the early formative stage, Betsy forced the shortening of NASA's Gemini 5 mission by one orbit because of the tropical storm predicted track in the initial target zone of splashdown near Grand Turk Island. As a result, the spacecraft, which has orbited the Earth since August 1965, has a splashdown zone target shifted northward to the Atlantic Ocean region east east of Jacksonville, Florida, away from the hurricane projection path. In Martinique, the preliminary tropical depression caused marginal rainfall and mild gusts, and no damage was reported. In Sint Maarten, the winds and gusts reached a peak at a speed of 35 mph (56 km/h) for several hours on 28 August. Across the Windward Islands, gusts peak at 40 mph (65 km/h), despite strong winds. damage is marginal. As hurricanes pass near southeastern Bahamas, high waves are reported along the northern coast of Hispaniola, although no damage has occurred.
Although the more significant effect of Hurricanes Betsy in the United States is limited to coastal areas, deeper inland areas receive rainfall and strong winds from weakened tropical cyclones and their remains, with rainfall extending inland as far northeast as Pennsylvania. Much offset from where Betsy made the landing, the effects in Texas were minimal, despite the large-scale evacuations in the Sabine Pass before the landing. At Port Arthur the station receives only 0.02 in (0,51 mm) of rain, coupled with a storm wave of 2.4Ã, ft (0.73 m) above average sea level. From September 10-11, Betsy passed through Arkansas, which suffered the worst effects in the United States outside countries adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. The highest reported total rainfall from the typhoon in the state is at Wynne, where rain in rain (rain) was recorded at 8.02d (204 mm). The surrounding area in northeastern Arkansas reported at least 6Ã, (150 mm) of rain. Heavy rains and floods caused damage to cotton and rice crops. Most of the rice crops in the eastern and southern parts of the country are flattened by rain, and are therefore highly susceptible to future rainfall. A third of the cotton, which is mostly peeled off, is lost due to rain. However, these losses are offset by increased yields of soybeans resulting from the same rainfall. Numerous branches of the pecan tree are torn down, although relative to overall pecan production for the country, these losses are negligible. The rain also caused the Black and White Rivers in the eastern part of the country to rise from 3 feet (0.91 m) to 7 feet (2.1 m); However, they do not exceed the stage of flooding. Betsy's residual is thought to have brought 50-70 mph (80-113 km/h) of wind across the state. Most of the stronger winds are in the northern quadrant of a tropical storm that weakens as it crosses Arkansas. However, the highest measured wind gusts are only clocked at 45 mph (72 km/h) at stations in Pine Bluff and Walnut. Strong winds knocked down the power grid, leaving hundreds of electric customers without electricity for several days. However, the regional electric crew was able to restore most of its power on the night of September 11. Four people were killed by storms across the state.
In Illinois, the remnants of Hurricane Betsy brought heavy rains to the extreme southern part of the state for three days, ranging from 3-6 inches (76-152 mm); the highest recorded total was 6.25 at (159 mm) in Cairo, Illinois. The same station recorded 6.25 in (159 mm) of rain within 24 hours. The resulting damage, if any, is minimal, although minor damage occurs to cotton and soybean plants in the Cario area. Hail and strong winds in the Kentucky Bluegrass region damaged tobacco fields and caused damage to 35 mobile homes and numerous other roofs. Although no death was directly related to Betsy's effect, the car lost control during a rainstorm in Gallatin County and then fell; the two residents then disappeared and allegedly killed. Strong winds in Montgomery County cut down trees. In western Tennessee, moderate to heavy rain along with a gust of 40 mph (65 km/h) was reported. The precipitation peaked in the state at 6.01 at (153 mm) at Ripley. Although much rainfall is beneficial to the agricultural sector in the region, local floods are also reported. The estimated winds between 25-35 mph (40-56 km/h) blew up some cotton and corn crops. Other cotton bolls are damaged, while soybeans are blown up, making mechanical harvest difficult.
Further north and east, the resulting Betsy rain was largely favorable as the storm substantially weakened as they approached these areas. The outer edge of Betsy causes moderate rainfall in the southeastern states of North Carolina, Georgia, and South Carolina, where the country's rainfall amounts to 3.64 in (92 mm) in Randleman, 3.48 in (88 mm) in Ailey, and 2, 21 Ã, in (56 mm) at Laurens, respectively. The 7-foot (2.1 m) tall waves off South Carolina caused minor coastal damage during Betsy's early approach in the Southern Atlantic states on September 7. In West Virginia, rain helps saturate the soil used to grow crops, benefiting plants. production. From 11-13 September, Betsy's rain was felt all over Pennsylvania. Rainfall peaked at 1.5Ã, at (38 mm) in the central and northeastern regions of the country. Further south, in Maryland and Delaware, rain also benefits the fertile soil. The rainfall in the former peaked at 2.55 at (65 mm) in Bittinger, while the peak rainfall peaked at 1.83 in (46 mm).
Aftermath
The US Army's Hurricane Protection Program appears as a result of Betsy. The Corps build new dikes for the higher New Orleans and are made of stronger materials, designed specifically to withstand fast-moving Category 3 storms such as Betsy. The resulting dike repair failed when Hurricane Katrina, a major storm, moved slowly, making landfall near New Orleans on August 29, 2005.
Retirement
Due to the extent of the storm and the severity of its impact, the name Betsy , which has also been used in 1956 and 1961, has retired from the series of playlists used to refer to tropical cyclones in the Atlantic in all three uses. This made Betsy the only tropical whirlwind in the Atlantic in 1965 and the fifteenth since the resignation of the names of tropical cyclones officially began in 1954. As a result, the name was replaced with Blanche for the 1969 season. Instead, Blanche's name was used again in the year 1975 before the National Hurricane Center, still in its infancy at the time, surrendered control over the determination of tropical cyclones in its area of ​​responsibility to the World Meteorological Organization in 1977, after which Blanche's name did not exist. longer use.
Hurricane Betsy in popular culture
- In April 1969, Texas blues artist Sam John "Lightnin" "Hopkins wrote the song Hurricane Betsy as the fourth song of The Texas Bluesman's album .
- The song is Georgia... Bush recorded by DJ Drama and Lil Wayne artist and released along with mixtape Dedication 2 on September 4, 2006. Produced by Vudu Spellz, the song depicts the first -person about Hurricane Katrina and castrate US President George W. Bush, while also accusing institutional racism. Part of the song lyrics - "Same same happened in Hurricane Betsy/1965" - made a direct reference to Betsy Hurricane, which implies that the government deliberately destroyed the embankment in such a way that the Lower Ninth Ward would flood and thus protect the property of the more expensive lakes./li>
- Written by Rachelle Burk and illustrated by Rex Schneider, the novel children of Tree House in a Storm is a fictitious remark of two siblings whose tree house, which has long served as a safe haven , destroyed by Hurricane Betsy.
See also
- United States hurricane list
- List of Florida hurricanes (1950-74)
- List of names of retired Atlantic hurricanes
- Hurricane AndrewÃ, - Small tropical cyclone destroys southern Florida before impacting southeast Louisiana
- Hurricane Katrina - Struck South Florida before causing unprecedented destruction in the New Orleans area, became the most expensive storm in record
- Elena Storm - An erratic natural storm struck many of the Gulf Coast of the United States during the Labor Day week
- Hurricane JeanneÃ,
Note
References
External links
- Movie clip A Hurricane Called Betsy is available on the Internet Archive
- Historical Florida Hurricanes (State Archive of Florida)
- President Lyndon Johnson and Response to Hurricane Betsy @ University of Virginia Center for Public Attorneys Center
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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