Munich ( ; German: MÃÆ'¼nchen ['m? NÃÆ'§n?] Ã, ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga ['m? (:)?] ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria state, Germany, on the banks of the Isar River north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is also the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th largest city in the European Union, with a population of about 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 6 million people.
The city is a major center of art, technology, finance, publishing, culture, innovation, education, business and tourism in Germany and Europe and enjoys exceptionally high standards and quality of life, reaches first in Germany and all four in the world according to the Mercer Survey 2015. According to Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered the city of alpha-world, in 2015.
The name of this city is derived from the Old German/Middle High Munichen , which means "by the monks". It comes from the monks of the Benedictine order, who run a monastery in what later became the Old City of Munich; then the bhikkhu is depicted in the symbol of the city. Munich was first mentioned in 1158. Catholics Munich is a stronghold of Counter-Reformation culture and a political point of divergence during the Thirty Years War, but remains untouched physically despite occupation by the Swedish Protestants. After Bavaria was founded as a sovereign kingdom in 1806, it became the center of European art, architecture, culture and science. In 1918, during the German Revolution, the ruling Wittelsbach house, which ruled Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-lived socialist republic was declared.
In the 1920s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. The first attempt of the Nazi movement to take over the German government in 1923 with Beer Hall Putsch was stopped by Bavarian police in Munich with gunfire. After the Nazi revival, Munich was declared the "Capital of the Movement". During World War II, Munich was heavily bombed and more than 50% of the entire city and up to 90% of the historic center was destroyed. After the end of the postwar American occupation of 1949, there was a great increase in population and economic power during the years of the Wirtschaftswunder, or "economic miracle." Unlike many other German cities that were heavily bombed and destroyed, Munich restored most of its traditional city landscape and hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics. The 1980s brought strong economic growth, high-tech industries and scientific institutions, as well as population growth. The city is home to big companies like BMW, Siemens, MAN, Linde, Allianz and MunichRE.
Munich is home to many universities, museums and theaters. The architectural attractions, sporting events, exhibitions and annual Oktoberfest attract a lot of tourism. Munich is one of the most prosperous and fastest growing cities in Germany. This is a top-ranked destination for migration and expat location, although the municipality has the highest population density in Germany (4,500 people per km²). Munich has more than 530,000 people with a foreign background, which is 37.7% of the population.
Video Munich
History
Origin as a medieval city
The first known settlement in the area was the Benedictine monks in Salt Street. The foundation date is deemed to be 1158, the date of the city is first mentioned in the document. The document was signed in Augsburg. At that time, Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, had built a toll bridge over the river Isar next to the monastic settlement and on the salt route.
In 1175, Munich received the status and fortress of the city. In 1180, with court of Henry the Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria, and Munich handed over to Bishop Freising. (Wittelsbach heir, Wittelsbach dynasty, ruled Bavaria until 1918.) In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Bavarian Duchy was split in two, Munich became the duke of the Bavarian River.
Duke Louis IV, originally from Munich, was elected king of Germany in 1314 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strengthened the city's position by giving it a salt monopoly, thus securing additional income. At the end of the 15th century, Munich experienced a revival of gothic art: Old Town Hall enlarged, and Munich's largest gothic church - Frauenkirche - now a cathedral, built in only 20 years, beginning in 1468.
The Bavarian reunion capital
When Bavaria reunited in 1506, Munich became its capital. Art and politics are increasingly influenced by courts (see Orlando in Lasso, Heinrich SchÃÆ'¼tz and then Mozart and Richard Wagner). During the 16th century, Munich was at the center of Germany's counter-reforms, as well as the art of renaissance. Duke Wilhelm V commissioned the Jesuit Michaelskirche, which became the center for counter-reformation, and also built the HofbrÃÆ'¤uhaus to make chocolate beers in 1589.
The Catholic League was founded in Munich in 1609.
In 1623, during the Thirty Years' War, Munich became a voter residence when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with electoral dignity, but in 1632 the city was occupied by Swedish Gustav II Adolph. When the bubonic outbreak broke out in 1634 and 1635, about a third of the population died. Under Bavarian rule, Munich was an important center of baroque life, but it also had to suffer under the occupation of Habsburg in 1704 and 1742.
In 1806, the city became the capital of the new Kingdom of Bavaria, with the new Landate and Landmark of Munich and the city of Munich's new Archdiocese and Freising. Twenty years later, Landshut University was transferred to Munich. Many of the city's best buildings belong to this period and were built under the first three Bavarian kings. Especially Ludwig I provides outstanding service to the status of Munich as an art center, attracting many artists and improving the architectural substance of the city with boulevards and large buildings. On the other hand, Ludwig II, which is famous all over the world as a fairytale king, is largely far from its capital and focuses more on its beautiful castles in the Bavarian countryside. However, Richard Wagner's patronage secures posthumous reputation, as do his castles, which resulted in significant tourist income for Bavaria to this day. Later, Prince Regent Luitpold's year as regent was characterized by outstanding arts and cultural activities in Munich, enhancing his status as an important cultural force globally (see Franz von Stuck and Der Blaue Reiter).
World War I to World War II
After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the German Allied blockade caused food and fuel shortages. During the French air strike in 1916, three bombs fell in Munich.
After World War I, the city became the center of political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of the German revolution, Ludwig III and his family fled from the city. After the killing of the first Bavarian prime minister Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. When the Communists took power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich a few years earlier, sent telegram congratulations, but the Soviet Republic was laid on May 3, 1919 by Freikorps. While the republican government has been restored, Munich became an extremist political lair, among which Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist became famous.
In 1923, Adolf Hitler and his supporters, concentrated in Munich, held Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The uprising failed, resulting in Hitler's capture and temporary paralyzing of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), which was virtually unknown outside Munich. The city was again a Nazi stronghold when the party came to power in Germany in 1933. The party created the first concentration camp in Dachau, 16 kilometers (9.9 miles) northwest of the city. Because of the importance of the rise of National Socialism, Munich is referred to as Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("The Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters are in Munich and many FÃÆ'¼hrerbauten (" FÃÆ'¼hrer -buildings") are built around KÃÆ'¶nigsplatz, some of which still survive.
The city is known as the culmination of a policy of appeasement by Britain and France leading to World War II. At that time in Munich, the British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, approved the annexation of the Czechoslovak Sudetenland region to Great Britain in the hope of fulfilling the wishes of Hitler Third Reich.
Munich was a White Rose base, a student resistance movement from June 1942 to February 1943. The core members were arrested and executed after the leaflets were distributed at the University of Munich by Hans and Sophie Scholl.
The city was heavily damaged by an allied bombing during World War II - it hit 71 airstrikes for five years.
Postwar
After the US occupation of 1945, Munich was rebuilt meticulously and - compared to other war-torn western German cities - a rather conservative plan that preserved prewar streets. In 1957, the Munich population surpassed 1 million. The city continues to play a very significant role in German economy, politics and culture, giving rise to its nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ("secret capital") in the decades after World War II.
Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics, where Israeli athletes were killed by the Palestinian fedayeen in the Munich massacre, when gunmen from the Palestinian "Black September" group held hostage members from the Israeli Olympic team.
Most Munich residents enjoy a high quality of life. Mercer HR Consulting consistently rated the city among the top 10 cities with the highest quality of life around the world - the 2011 survey ranked Munich as 4th. The same company also places Munich as the 39th most expensive city in the world and the most expensive city in Germany. Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven by information technology, biotechnology, and the publishing sector. Environmental pollution is low, although in 2006 the city council was concerned about the particulate level (PM), especially along the city's main roads. Since the introduction of EU legislation on particulate concentrations in the air, environmental groups such as Greenpeace have held large protest rallies to urge city councils and state governments to take a tougher stance on pollution. Currently, crime rates are low compared to other major German cities, such as Hamburg or Berlin. Due to its high quality of life and safety, the city is nicknamed "Toytown" among the English speaking population. The Germans call it "Millionendorf", an expression meaning "the village of a million people". Due to the high standard of living and the thriving economy in the city and region, there is an influx of people and the Munich population surpassing 1.5 million in June 2015, an increase of over 20% in 10 years.
Maps Munich
Geography
Munich is located in the Upper Bavaria highlands, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 520 m (1,706 ft) ASL. The local river is Isar and WÃÆ'¼rm. Munich is located in Northern Alpine Foreland. The northern part of this sandy plain includes a very fertile rock area that is no longer affected by the folding process found in the Alps, while the southern part is covered with moraines hills. Among these are areas of fluvio-glacial leaching, such as around Munich. Wherever the sediment becomes thinner, groundwater can penetrate the gravel surface and flood the area, which causes such swamps in northern Munich.
Climate
The climate of Munich lies between the humid continental climate (classification KÃÆ'¶ppen: Dfb) and sea climate (classification KÃÆ'¶ppen: Cfb).
The city center lies between the two climates, while Munich airport has a humid continental climate. The hottest month, on average, is July. The coolest thing is January.
Rain and lightning storms carry the highest monthly rainfall in late spring and throughout the summer. Most precipitation occurred in June, on average. Winter tends to have less rainfall, at least in February.
Higher altitude and proximity to the Alps cause the city to have more rain and snow than many other parts of Germany. Alps also affect the city climate in other ways; for example, warm winds that descend from the Alps (hurricanes), which can raise the temperature sharply within hours even in winter.
Being in the center of Europe, Munich is subject to many climatic influences, so the weather conditions there are more varied than in other European cities, especially those in the west and south of the Alps.
At Munich's official weather station, the highest and lowest temperatures ever measured were 37Ã, Â ° C (99Ã, Â ° F), on August 13, 2003, and -31.6Ã, Â ° C (-24.9Â, Â ° F ), on February 12, 1929.
Demographics
Of the only 24,000 residents in 1700, the city's population doubled every 30 years. It was 100,000 in 1852, 250,000 in 1883 and 500,000 in 1901. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third largest city. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted, and in 1957 more than 1 million.
Immigration
In July 2017, Munich had 1.42 million inhabitants; 300,129 of them do not have German citizenship. The city has a strong Turkish and Balkan community. The largest groups of foreign nationals are Turkey (39,204), Croatia (33,177), Italy (27,340), Greece (27,117), Poland (27,945), Austria (21,944) and Romania (18,085). 37% of foreign nationals are from the European Union.
The largest foreign population group with 31.12.2017
Religion
About 45% of Munich's population is not affiliated with any religious group, and this ratio represents the fastest-growing population segment. As in all of Germany, the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches have decreased membership continuously. As of December 31, 2017, 31.8% of the city's population is Roman Catholic, 11.4% Protestant and 0.3% Jewish. In 2011, 7.5% were Muslim migrants from 21 countries of origin and 3.6% were members of the Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox). About 1% adhere to other Christian denominations. There is also a small Catholic small parish and an English-speaking parish in the Episcopal Church in the city.
Politics
The current Mayor of Munich is Dieter Reiter of the German Social Democratic Party. Munich has been ruled by the SPD for all except six years since 1948. This is remarkable because Bavaria - and especially southern Bavaria - has long been a conservative stronghold, with the Christian Social Union winning an absolute majority among Bavarian voters in many communal, state, , and federal government, and led the Bavarian state government for all but three years since 1946. The second largest city in Bavaria, Nuremberg, is also one of the few Bavarian towns ruled by the SPD-led coalition.
As the capital of the Bavarian Free State, Munich is an important political center in Germany and the seat of the Bavarian State Parliament, Staatskanzlei (State Chancellor) and all state departments.
Some national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the German Federal Court of Finance and the European Patent Office.
Subdivision
Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 regions or Stadtbezirke , which consists of occasional small spots.
Allach-Untermenzing (23), Altstadt-Lehel (1), Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (22), Au-Haidhausen (5), Berg am Laim (14), Bogenhausen (13), Feldmoching-Hasenbergl (24), Hadern (20), Laim (25), Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt (2), Maxvorstadt (3), Milbertshofen-Am Hart (11), Moosach (10), Neuhausen-Nymphenburg (9), Obergiesing (17), Pasing-Obermenzing ( 21), Ramersdorf-Perlach (16), Schwabing-Freimann (12), Schwabing-West (4), SchwanthalerhÃÆ'¶he (8), Sendling (6), Sendling-Westpark (7), Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-FÃÆ'¼rstenried -Solln (19), Trudering-Riem (15) dan Untergiesing-Harlaching (18).
Arsitektur
The city has an eclectic mix between historic and modern architecture, as the historic buildings destroyed in World War II were reconstructed, and new buildings were built. A survey by the Society's Center for Sustainable Destination for National Geographic Traveler selects more than 100 historic destinations worldwide and ranks 30 Munich.
City within
In the city center is Marienplatz - a large open field named after MariensÃÆ'¤ule, a column of Mary in its center - with Old and New Town Hall. The tower contains Rathaus-Glockenspiel . The three gates of the destroyed medieval defense fortress survive - Isartor in the east,
The Peterskirche close to Marienplatz is the oldest church in the city center. It was first built during the Romanesque period, and was the focus of the early monastic settlement in Munich before the city's official foundation in 1158. Near St. Peter the Gothic hall of Heiliggeistkirche church (Church of the Holy Spirit) converted to the baroque style starting from 1724 and looking down on Viktualienmarkt, Munich's most popular market.
The Frauenkirche is the most famous building in the city center and serves as the cathedral for Munich's Archdiocese and Freising. The nearby Michaelskirche is the largest renaissance church in the northern Alps, while Theatinerkirche is a basilica in the high baroque of Italy, which has a major influence on the Southern German baroque architecture. The domes dominate Odeonsplatz. The other baroque churches in the city center worth a detour are the BÃÆ'¼rgersaalkirche , Dreifaltigkeitskirche , St. Anna Damenstiftskirche and Anna im Lehel , the first rococo church in Bavaria. Asamkirche is endowed and built by Brothers Asam, the pioneering artist of the rococo period.
The large Residenz palace complex (beginning in 1385) on the outskirts of Munich's Old Town, Germany's largest urban castle, is among Europe's most important interior decorating museums. After experiencing some extensions, it also contains a beautiful treasury and rococo CuvilliÃÆ' Â © s Theater . Next to the Residenz neo-classical opera, National Theater was established. Among the baroque and neoclassical mansions still in Munich are the Palais Porcia, the Palais Preysing, the Palais Holnstein and Prinz- Carl-Palais . All the mansions are located close to the Residenz, just like Alte Hof, a medieval castle and the first dwelling of the Wittelsbach dukes in Munich.
Lehel, an eastern bourgeois area of ​​the Altstadt, is characterized by many well-preserved and well-preserved town houses, giving a thorough impression of the "old city of Munich" beyond the main tourist route. St. Luke is the largest Protestant church in Munich.
The inner city has been recreated in the virtual world of Second Life and can be visited to see a virtual sightseeing tour.
Royal line and quota
Four majestic royal roads of the 19th century with majestic official buildings connecting the inner city of Munich to its outskirts:
Neoclassical Brienner StraÃÆ'Ÿe, begins at Odeonsplatz on the northern outskirts of the Old City close to the Residenz, stretching from east to west and open to impressive KÃÆ'Â.. nigsplatz, designed with "Doric" PropylÃÆ'¤en , "Ionic" Glyptothek and "Corinthian" State Classical Art Museum , on the side behind it, St. Abbey Boniface was established. The area around KÃÆ'¶nigsplatz is home to Kunstareal, the Munich gallery and a quarter of the museum (as described below).
LudwigstraÃÆ'Ÿe also begins at Odeonsplatz and runs from south to north, past Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitÃÆ'¤t , St. The Church of Louis , Bavarian State Library and many state and palace ministries. The southern part of the road is built in Italian renaissance style, while the northern part is heavily influenced by Italian Roman architecture. Siegestor (victory gate) sits at the northern end of LudwigstraÃÆ'Ÿe, where the latter passes to LeopoldstraÃÆ'Ÿe and the Schwabing district begins.
The neo-Gothic MaximilianstraÃÆ'Ÿe begins at Max-Joseph-Platz , where Residenz and the National Theater are located, and extends from west to east. The street is framed by intricately constructed neo-Gothic buildings that are home to, among others, the Schauspielhaus , the Upper Bavaria district government building and the Museum of Ethnology >. After crossing the river Isar, the road encircled the Maximilianeum , the home of the state parliament. The western part of Maximilianstra is known for its designer shops, fancy boutiques, jewelry shops, and one of Munich's leading five-star hotels, Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten .
PrinzregentenstraÃÆ'Ÿe runs parallel with MaximilianstraÃÆ'Ÿe and starts at Prinz-Carl-Palais . Many museums can be found along the way, such as Haus der Kunst , Bavarian National Museum and Schackgalerie . Drive across Isar and surround the Friedensengel Monument, then past Villa Stuck and Hitler's old apartment. The Prinzregententheater is in Prinzregentenplatz farther east.
Borough else
In Schwabing and Maxvorstadt, many beautiful streets with continuous Grønderzeit rows of buildings can be found. The rows of elegant city houses and spectacular urban palais in many colors, often decorated with intricate ornamental detail in their faÃÆ'§ades, make up most of the area west of LeopoldstraÃÆ'Ÿe (Schwabing's main shopping street), while in the eastern region between LeopoldstraÃÆ'Ã… ¸e and similar buildings of Englischer Garten alternate with almost-rustic homes and odd castles, often adorned with small towers. Many small alleys and shady streets connecting larger streets and small squares in the area, conveying the talent and atmosphere of a legendary artist convincingly as at the turn of the 20th century. The rich district of Bogenhausen in eastern Munich is another less well-known (at least among tourists) richly-laid-edge area of ​​architecture, especially around PrinzregentenstraÃÆ'Ÿe. One of Bogenhausen's most beautiful buildings is Villa Stuck, home to the famous painter Franz von Stuck.
Two large baroque castles in Nymphenburg and Oberschleissheim are reminders of the past of the Bavarian kingdom. Schloss Nymphenburg (Nymphenburg Palace), about 6 km (4 mi) northwest of the city center, is surrounded by impressive gardens and is regarded as one of the most beautiful royal residences in Europe. 2 km (1 mi) northwest of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (Blutenburg Castle), an old country seat decorated with Gothic-end castle church. Schloss Fürstenried (Castle Fürstenried), baroque castle of structures similar to Nymphenburg but with much smaller size, was erected around the same time in the south west of Munich. The second largest baroque residence is Schloss Schleissheim (Schleissheim Palace), located on the outskirts of Oberschleissheim, a palace complex that includes three separate dwellings: Altes Schloss Schleissheim > i> (old palace), Neues Schloss Schleissheim (new palace) and Schloss Lustheim (Lustheim Palace). Most of the palace complexes function as museums and art galleries. The flight exhibition center of the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim is located nearby, at the Schleissheim Special Landing Field. The Bavarian statues before the neo-classical Ruhmeshalle are monumental 19th-century sculptures and bronze in Theresienwiese. The GrÃÆ'¼nwald Castle is the only medieval castle in the remaining Munich district.
St Michael in Berg am Laim is probably the most extraordinary church in the suburbs. Another Johann Michael Fischer church is St George in Bogenhausen . Most of the region has a medieval parish church like the most famous pilgrimage church in Munich St Mary in Ramersdorf . The oldest church within the city limits is Heilig Kreuz in FrÃÆ'¶ttmaning beside Allianz-Arena, known for its Romanesque paintings. Especially in the suburbs, Munich has a wide and diverse modern architecture, despite the strict cultural high limitations for buildings has limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid the loss of scenery to the distant Bavarian Alps. Most high-rise buildings clustered on the north edge of Munich on the horizon, such as Hypo-Haus , Arabella High-Rise Building , Tower of Spotlight , Uptown Munich , MÃÆ'¼nchner Tor and BMW Headquarters next to the Olympic Park. Several other high-rise buildings are located near the city center and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. A modern Munich landmark is also an architectural sports stadium (as described below).
In Fasangarten is the former McGraw Kaserne, a former US military base, near the Stadelheim Prison.
Garden
Munich is a solid city built but still offers many public parks. The Englischer Garten is close to the city center and covers an area of ​​3.7 km 2 (1.4Ã, sqÃ, mi) (bigger than Central Park in New York) , is one of the largest urban public parks in the world. It contains a well-known nudist area, lots of bike and jogging tracks and bridle lanes. It is considered the "green lung" of Munich and one of the city's most beloved features. It was designed and laid out by Benjamin Thompson, Count of Rumford, for fun and as a work area for the homeless and homeless of the city. Currently entirely a park, its southern half is dominated by large open and well-maintained open areas, hills, monuments and stretches of beach (along the Eisbach and Schwabinger Bach rivers), which become bustling in summer. In contrast, the rarely visited northern part is much quieter, more beautiful and natural-looking, sometimes resembling nature preservation over urban public parks: it has many old trees, thick bushes, winding rivers, hidden meadows and is overwhelmed by many romantic paths. Some Biergartens can be found in both parts of Englischer Garten, the most famous being in the Chinese Pagoda.
Other large green spaces are modern Olympiapark , Westpark , and the Nymphenburg Palace park (with Botanischer Garten MÃÆ'¼nchen-Nymphenburg to the north), and the Schleissheim Palace. The oldest garden in the city is the Hofgarten, near Residenz, dating back to the 16th century. Most notably the largest beergarden in the city is the former kingdom of Hirschgarten , founded in 1780 for deer, which still lives there.
The city zoo is Tierpark Hellabrunn near Flaucher Island in Isar in the south of the city. Another famous park is Ostpark located in Ramersdorf-Perlach district which is also home to Michaelibad , the largest water park in Munich.
Sports
Football
Munich is home to several professional football teams including Bayern Munich, Germany's most successful club and several UEFA Champions League winners. Other notable clubs include 1860 Munich, whose old rivals are on the same footing, but at play in Bayern Regionalliga (level 4) due to degradation on financial grounds; and former Bundesliga club SpVgg Unterhaching is now playing in the league.
Basketball
FC Bayern Munich Basketball currently plays in the Bundesliga Beko Basket. The city hosted the final stage of FIBA ​​EuroBasket 1993, in which the German national basketball team won the gold medal.
Ice Hockey
City ice hockey club is EHC Munich.
Olympics
Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, where the Munich Massacre took place. It was one of the host cities for the 2006 Football World Cup, which was not held at the Munich Olympic Stadium, but at the new football special stadium, Allianz Arena. Munich bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics, but lost to Pyeongchang. In September 2011 DOSB President Thomas Bach confirmed that Munich will bid again for the Winter Olympics in the future.
Road Running
Annual routine road events in Munich are Munich Marathon in October, end of Stadtlauf June, the company runs B2Run in July, New Year's Run on December 31, Sprint Race Sprint, Olympia Alm Crosslauf and Bestzeitenmarathon.
Swimming
Munich's public sports facilities include ten indoor pools and eight outdoor swimming pools, operated by the Munich City Utilities communal company (SWM). Popular indoor swimming pools include Olympia Schwimmhalle from the 1972 Summer Olympics, Cosimawellenbad Wave Pool, and MÃÆ'¼llersches Volksbad built in 1901. Furthermore, swimming within Munich city limits is also possible in some artificial lakes such as Riemer See or the lake district Langwieder.
Dive in the river
Munich has a reputation for surfing, offering the world's most famous surfing spot, the Eisbach waves, located on the southern edge of the Englischer Garten park and used by day and night and year-round surfers. Half a kilometer below the river, there is a second wave that is easier for beginners, called Kleine Eisbachwelle . Two further surf spots within the city are located along the river Isar, waves in the FloÃÆ'ŸlÃÆ'¤nde channel and downwind waves of the WittelsbacherbrÃÆ'¼cke bridge.
Culture
Language
Bavarian dialects are spoken in and around Munich, with various Upper Bavarian ( Oberbayrisch ). Austro-Bavarian has no official status by the Bavarian authorities or local government, but is recognized by SIL and has its own ISO-639 code.
Museum
The Deutsches Museum or German Museum, located on an island on the Isar River, is the largest and one of the oldest science museums in the world. The three redundant exhibition buildings under the protection order were converted into the Verkehrsmuseum's home, which houses the land transportation collections of the Deutsches Museum. The aviation exhibition center Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim is located nearby, in Schleissheim Special Landing Field. Some of the non-centralized museums (many of which are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitÃÆ'¤t) show an expanded state collection of paleontology, geology, mineralogy, zoology, botany and anthropology.
The city has several important art galleries, most of which can be found at Kunstareal , including Alte Pinakothek , Neue Pinakothek , Pinakothek der Moderne and the Brandhorst Museum . The monolithic structure of Alte Pinakothek contains treasures of works of European masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. This collection reflects the eclectic tastes of Wittelsbach for four centuries, and is sorted by schools on two broad floors. Major performances include Albrecht DÃÆ'¼rer's Christ-Self-Portrait, Four Apostles, Raphael's Sacred Canine Family and Madonna Tempi and Peter Paul Rubens two stories high. Judgment Day . This gallery has one of the most comprehensive collections of Rubens in the world. Before World War I, the artist group Blaue Reiter worked in Munich. Many of their works can now be viewed at Lenbachhaus .
An important collection of Greek and Roman art was held at Glyptothek and Staatliche Antikensammlung (State Antiquities Collection). King Ludwig I managed to get famous pieces like Medusa Rondanini, Barberini Faun and figures from the Aphaea Temple in Aegina to Glyptothek. Another important museum in Kunstareal is Egyptian Museum .
The famous Morris gothic dancer from Erasmus Grasser is on display at the Munich City Museum in the old gothic arsenal building in the inner city.
Another area for art beside Kunstareal is the Lehel intersection between the old city and the river Isar: The Five Continent Museum at MaximilianstraÃÆ'Ÿe is the second largest collection of German artifacts and objects from outside Europe, while The Bavarian National Museum and the Bavarian State Archaeological Collection at PrinzregentenstraÃÆ'Ÿe rank among the major European art and cultural history museums. The closest Schackgalerie is an important gallery of 19th century German paintings.
The previous Dachau concentration camp is 16 km (10 mi) outside the city.
Art and literature
Munich is Europe's premier cultural center and has hosted many famous composers including Orlando in Lasso, W.A. Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber, Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Max Reger and Carl Orff. With the Munich Biennale founded by Hans Werner Henze, and the A * DEvantgarde festival, the city still contributes to modern music theater. Some famous classical music works have been created in and around Munich by original composers, such as the famous poem tone of Richard Strauss Also sprach Zarathustra or Carl Orff Carmina Burana .
The Nationaltheater , where some operas Richard Wagner held his first show under the protection of Ludwig II of Bavaria, is the home of the Bavarian State Opera and the Bavarian State Orchestra. In front of the door, the Modern Residenz Theater was set up in a building that had been the home of the Cuvillià ©  © s Theater before World War II. Many operas were staged there, including Mozart's first idomeneo play in 1781. The GÃÆ'¤rtnerplatz Theater is a ballet theater and musical theater while other opera houses, Prinzregententheater , has been the home of the Bavarian Theater Academy.
The modern Gasteig Center is home to the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. The third orchestra in Munich with international interests is the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. The main concert venue is Herkulessaal in the former royal residence of the city, Residenz Munich. Many important conductors are attracted by city orchestras, including Felix Weingartner, Hans Pfitzner, Hans Rosbaud, Hans Knappertsbusch, Sergiu Celibidache, James Levine, Christian Thielemann, Lorin Maazel, Rafael Kubel, Eugen Jochum, Sir Colin Davis, Mariss Jansons, Bruno Walter, Georg Solti, Zubin Mehta, and Kent Nagano. A stage for shows, big events and musicals is Deutsche Theater . This is Germany's biggest theater for guest performances.
Munich's contribution to popular modern music is often overlooked because of its strong relationship with classical music, but they are numerous: the city has strong music in the 1960s and 1970s, with many internationally renowned bands and musicians often performing at clubs.. Furthermore, Munich is the center of Krautrock in southern Germany, with many important bands such as Amon DÃÆ'¼ÃÆ'¼l II, Embryo or Popol Vuh coming from the city. In the 1970s, Musicland Studios evolved into one of the most prominent recording studios in the world, with famous bands such as Rolling Stones album, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Queen there. Munich also played an important role in the development of electronic music, with pioneer genre Giorgio Moroder, who created the synth of disco and electronic dance music, and Donna Summer, one of the most important disco players, both living and working in the city. In the late 1990s, Electroclash was substantially created together even if not found in Munich, when DJ Hell introduced and embraced international pioneers of this musical genre through its international DeeJay Gigolo Records label here. Other examples of famous musicians and bands from Munich are Konstantin Wecker, Willy Astor, Spider Murphy Gang, MÃÆ'¼nchener Freiheit, Lou Bega, Megaherz, FSK, Color Haze and Sportfreunde Stiller.
Music is very important in the Bavarian capital that the city hall gives every day permission for 10 musicians to perform on the streets around Marienplatz. This is how players like Olga Kholodnaya and Alex Jacobowitz entertain the locals and tourists every day.
In addition to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the Residenz Theater (Residenztheater), Munich Kammerspiele at Schauspielhaus is one of the most important German language theaters in the world. Since the premiere of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in 1775, many important authors held their dramas in Munich such as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Henrik Ibsen, and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.
The city is known as the second largest publishing center in the world (about 250 publishing houses have offices in the city), and many national and international publications are published in Munich, such as Art in Munich, LAXMag and Prinz.
At the turn of the 20th century, Munich, and especially the suburbs of Schwabing, is Germany's leading cultural metropolis. His interest as a literary and art center is second to none in Europe, with many German and non-German artists moving there. For example, Wassily Kandinsky chose Munich over Paris to study at Akademie der Bildenden KÃÆ'¼nste MÃÆ'¼nchen, and, along with many other painters and writers who lived in Schwabing at that time, had a profound influence on modern art.
A prominent literary figure working in Munich especially during the last decade of the Kingdom of Bavaria, called Prinzregentenzeit (literally "the time of the regent prince") under Luitpold, Regent of Bavaria, period is often described as the Golden Age culture for Munich and Bavaria as a whole. Among them are figures such as Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann, Paul Heyse, Rainer Maria Rilke, Ludwig Thoma, Fanny zu Reventlow, Oskar Panizza, Gustav Meyrink, Max Halbe, Erich MÃÆ'¼hsam and Frank Wedekind. For a while, even Vladimir Lenin lived in Schwabing, where he wrote and published his most important work, What to Do? Being in the middle of the Schwabing bohemian scene (though they are actually around the quarter of a quarter) is KÃÆ'¼nstlerlokale (artist cafe) like CafÃÆ' Â © Stefanie or Kabarett Simpl , whose liberal way differs fundamentally from more traditional places in Munich. The Simpl , which survives to this day (albeit with little relevance to the contemporary art scene of the city), is named after the famous anti-authoritarian satirical magazine of Munich Simplicissimus , founded in 1896 by Albert Langen and Thomas Theodor Heine, who quickly became an important organ of the Schwabinger BohÃÆ'¨me . His very modern caricature and his biting satire against German society Wilhelmine is the result of countless collaborative efforts by many of the finest visual artists and writers from Munich and elsewhere.
The period just before World War I saw the continuing economic and cultural strength for the city. Thomas Mann wrote in his novel Gladius Dei about this period: "MÃÆ'¼nchen leuchtete" (literally "Munich shines"). Munich remains the center of cultural life during the Weimar period, with figures such as Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht, Peter Paul Althaus, Stefan George, Ricarda Huch, Joachim Ringelnatz, Oskar Maria Graf, Annette Kolb, Ernst Toller, Hugo Ball and Klaus Mann existing big names. Karl Valentin is the most important cabaret and comedian player in Germany and to this day is remembered and loved as a cultural icon in his hometown. Between 1910 and 1940, he wrote and appeared in many highly influential absurd and short sketches, earning him the nickname "Charlie Chaplin of Germany". Many of Valentin's works will not be imagined without the delightful female partner Liesl Karlstadt, who often plays male characters for funny effects in their sketches. After World War II, Munich soon returned to the focal point of the German literary scene and remained so to this day, with such diverse authors as Wolfgang Koeppen, Erich KÃÆ'¤stner, Eugen Roth, Alfred Andersch, Elfriede Jelinek, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Michael Ende , Franz Xaver Kroetz, Gerhard Polt, John Vincent Palatine and Patrick SÃÆ'¼skind called the city to their home.
From the Gothic to the Baroque era, fine arts are represented in Munich by artists such as Erasmus Grasser, Jan Polack, Johann Baptist Straub, Ignaz GÃÆ'¼nther, Hans Krumpper, Ludwig von Schwanthaler, Cosmas Damian Acid, Egid Quirin Acid, Johann Baptist Zimmermann, Johann Michael Fischer and FranÃÆ'§ois de CuvilliÃÆ' Â © s. Munich has become an important place for painters such as Carl Rottmann, Lovis Corinth, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Carl Spitzweg, Franz von Lenbach, Franz von Stuck, Karl Piloty and Wilhelm Leibl when Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider), a group of artist expressionists, Munich in 1911. The city is home to the painter Blue Rider, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Gabriele MÃÆ'¼nter, Franz Marc, August Macke, and Alfred Kubin. Kandinsky's first abstract painting was invented in Schwabing.
Munich is (and in some cases, still) home to many of the most important authors of the New German Cinema movement, including Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Edgar Reitz and Herbert Achternbusch. In 1971, Filmverlag der Autoren was founded, strengthening the city's role in the history of the movement. Munich serves as the location for many Fassbinder movies, among them Ali: Fear Eats the Soul . The Hotel Deutsche Eiche near GÃÆ'¤rtnerplatz is somewhat like an operations center for Fassbinder and its actors' clan. New German Cinema is considered by far the most important artistic movement in the history of German cinema since the era of German Expressionism in the 1920s.
In 1919, Bavaria Film Studio was founded, which developed into one of the largest film studios in Europe. Well-known directors like Alfred Hitchcock, Billy Wilder, Orson Welles, John Huston, Ingmar Bergman, Stanley Kubrick, Claude Chabrol, Fritz Umgelter, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Wolfgang Petersen and Wim Wenders filmed there. Among the international famous films produced in the studio is The Pleasure Garden by Alfred Hitchcock, The Great Escape by John Sturges, Paths of Glory by Stanley Kubrick, Willy Wonka & amp; Chocolate Factory by Mel Stuart and both Das Boot and The Neverending Story by Wolfgang Petersen. To this day, Munich remains one of the centers of the German film and entertainment industry.
HofbrÃÆ'¤uhaus and Oktoberfest
HofbrÃÆ'¤uhaus am Platzl, arguably the most famous beer hall worldwide, is located in the city center. It also operates the second largest tent in Oktoberfest, one of Munich's most famous attractions. For two weeks, Oktoberfest attracted millions of people visiting his beer tent ("Bierzelte") and the fairground attractions. The first Oktoberfest was held on October 12, 1810 to honor the marriage of Ludwig's crown prince to Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The celebration closed with horse races and in subsequent years the horse race continued and later developed into what is now known as Oktoberfest. Regardless of its name, most of Oktoberfest takes place in September. It always ends on the first Sunday in October except for the German national holiday on October 3 (i), the German Union Day ") is Monday or Tuesday - then Oktoberfest remains open for these days.
Distinctive culinary
MÃÆ'¼nchner WeiÃÆ'Ÿwurst ('white sausage') was found here in 1857. It is a Munich specialty. Traditionally eaten just before noon - a tradition that dates back to the refrigerator - these pieces are often served with sweet mustard and freshly baked pretzels.
Beer and brewery
Munich is famous for its factories and Weissbier (or WeiÃÆ'Ÿbier Weizenbier, wheat beer) is a specialty from Bavaria. Helles , pale beer with clear gold color is Munich's most popular beer today, though not long (only introduced in 1895) and is the result of a beer flavor change. Helles has replaced the Munich black beer, Dunkles , which gets its color from roasted malts. It was a typical beer in Munich in the 19th century, but today is more of a specialty. Starkbier is the strongest Munich beer, containing 6% -9% alcohol. The color is dark yellow and has a tough sense of jam. It is available and popular during Lenten Starkbierzeit (strong beer season), which begins on or before St. Louis Day. Joseph (March 19). The beer served at Oktoberfest is a special kind of beer MÃÆ'¤rzen with a higher alcohol content than regular Helles.
There are many WirtshÃÆ'¤user (traditional Bavarian houses/restaurants) in all areas of the city, many of which also have a small outdoor area. BiergÃÆ'¤rten (beer garden) is the most famous and popular place in Munich's gastronomic landscape. They are the cultural center of the city and serve as a kind of melting pot for members of all walks of life, to locals, expats and tourists alike. It is permitted to bring their own food to the beer garden, however, it is prohibited to bring their own drinks. There are many smaller beer gardens and about twenty large parks, providing at least a thousand chairs, with four of the most famous and popular in Englischer Garten: Chinesischer Turm (Munich's second largest beer garden with 7,000 seats) Seehaus, Hirschau and Aumeister. Among the locals, well-informed connoisseurs and tourists, Augustiner-Keller , near the Hauptbahnhof (central station) at ArnulfstraÃÆ'Ÿe , is incorrect one of the most popular beer gardens in town, as it is the only one where the most popular Munich beer, Augustiner, is taken from a wooden barrel. Nockherberg , HofbrÃÆ'¤ukeller (not to be confused with HofbrÃÆ'¤uhaus ) and LÃÆ'¶wenbrÃÆ'¤ukeller is a beer garden other famous. Hirschgarten is the largest beer garden in the world, with 8,000 seats.
Ada enam pabrik utama of Munich:
- Augustiner-Bräu
- Hacker-Pschorr
- Hofbräu
- Löwenbräu
- Paulaner Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu ( Spaten Franziskaner , yang terakhir terutama untuk Weissbier)
Also popular, though not from Munich and thus without the right to own tents at Oktoberfest, especially Tegernseer and Schneider Weisse, the latter has a large beer hall in Munich as is done by the Munich brewery. Smaller breweries are becoming more common in Munich, such as the Giesinger BrÃÆ'¤u. However, these factories do not have tents at Oktoberfest.
Market
The Viktualienmarkt is Munich's most popular market for fresh food and grocery stores. A very old feature of Munich's Fasching (carnival) is the dance Marktfrauen (market lady) of Viktualienmarkt in cute costumes.
The Auer Dult is held three times a year in the square around the Mariahilf church and is one of Munich's oldest markets, famous for its hardware, knick-knacks and antiques.
Three weeks before Christmas, Christkindlmarkt opened in Marienplatz and the other square in the city, selling Christmas items.
Nightlife
Nightlife in Munich is mostly located in the city center (Altstadt-Lehel) and the boroughs of Maxvorstadt, Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, Au-Haidhausen and Schwabing. Between Sendlinger Tor and Maximiliansplatz there is the so-called Feierbanane (banana party), an unofficial banana-shaped zone stretching 1.3 kilometers (0.8 miles) along the SonnenstraÃÆ'Ÿe, marked by the concentration of clubs, bars and restaurants high. In recent years, Feierbanane has become the main focus of Munich night life and tends to be very crowded, especially on weekends. It has also sparked some debate among city officials over alcohol-related safety issues and the general impact of the party zone on local residents as well as daytime business.
The two main quarters of Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, GÃÆ'¤rtnerplatzviertel and Glockenbachviertel, are both considered less mainstream than most other nightspots in the city and are renowned for their many modern and luxurious bars and clubs as well as the main gay center in Munich. culture. On warm spring or summer evenings, hundreds of youth can be seen gathered at GÃÆ'¤rtnerplatz, where they lie on the grass to relax, talk to friends and have a beer, occupy most of the space available on the square in the process.
Maxvorstadt has many very popular small bars among students, while Schwabing, formerly Munich's first and most important party district with legendary clubs such as Big Apple, PN, Domicile, Hot Club, Piper Club, Tiffany, Disco Large-scale punches first in Germany Riding and submarine nightclub Yellow Submarine, as well as many bars such as Schwabinger 7 or Schwabinger Podium, have lost much of its nightlife activity in recent decades, mainly due to high gentrification and rental yields. It has become the most coveted and expensive housing district in the city, attracting affluent citizens with little interest in partying.
Since the mid-1990s, Kunstpark Ost and his successor, Kultfabrik, a former industrial complex transformed into a large party area near the MÃÆ'¼nchen Ostbahnhof in Berg am Laim, hosts more than 30 clubs and is very popular among young people and residents of the surrounding metropolitan area of ​​Munich. The Kultfabrik closes at the end of 2015 to convert the area into residential and office areas. Apart from the smaller Kultfarbik and Optimolwerke, there are various companies in the nearby Haidhausen urban area. Prior to Kunstpark Ost, there was already an internationally acclaimed nightclub in the remnants of the abandoned Munich-Riem Airport.
Munich's nightlife tends to change dramatically and quickly. Companies open and close every year, and some survive for only a few months, while others last for years. Outside the places that have been mentioned in the 1960s and 1970s, nightclubs with international recognition in recent history include Tanzlokal GrÃÆ'¶ÃÆ'Ÿenwahn, Atomic Cafe, Ultraschall, KW-Das Heizkraftwerk, Natraj Temple, and Babalu Bar. From 1995 to 2001, Munich is also home to Union Move, one of Germany's biggest technoparas.
Munich has two directly connected gay rooms, which can basically be seen as one: GÃÆ'¤rtnerplatzviertel and Glockenbachviertel, both parts of the Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt district. Freddie Mercury has apartments near GÃÆ'¤rtnerplatz and transsexual icons Romy Haag has clubs in the city center for many years.
Munich has over 100 nightclubs and thousands of bars and restaurants within the city limits.
Some of the famous nightclubs are: popular techno clubs are MMA Club (Mixed Munich Arts), Blitz Music Club, Harry Klein, Rote Sonne, BahnwÃÆ'¤rter Thiel, Bob Beaman, Pimpernel, Charlie, and Palais. Popular mixed music club Call me Drella, Cord, Wannda Circus, Tonhalle and Backstage. Top class clubs are P1 and Pacha Munich. Some of the famous bars (pubs located throughout the city) are Charles Schumann Cocktail Bar, Havana Club, Sehnsucht, Centrale Bar, Ksar, Holy House, Eat the Rich, Negroni, Die Goldene Bar and Bei Otto (bavarian-style pub).
Circus
Munich-based Circus Krone is one of the biggest circuses in Europe. It is the first and still one of the few in Western Europe that also occupies its own building.
Education
Colleges and universities
Munich is a leading location for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize recipients from Wilhelm Conrad RÃÆ'¶ntgen in 1901 to Theodor HÃÆ'¤nsch in 2005. Munich has been a spiritual center since the time of Emperor Louis IV when the philosopher liked Michael from Cesena, Marsilius from Padua and William from Ockham are protected in the imperial court. Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and Technische UniversitÃÆ'¤t MÃÆ'¼nchen (TU or TUM), are two of the first three German universities to be awarded an elite university degree by a selection committee consisting of academics and members of the Ministry of Education and Research Federation and the German states (LÃÆ'¤nder). Only two Munich universities and the Karlsruhe Technical University (now part of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) have held this honor, and a greater implied opportunity to attract research funds, since the first round of evaluations in 2006. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), founded in 1472 in Ingolstadt, moved to Munich in 1826
Primary and secondary schools
Primary school in Munich:
- primary school in Gebelestraße
- primary and secondary schools in the flyover
- primary school corridor
- Elementary school at Stuntzstraße
- Ernst Reuter school
- Gertrud Bäumer Straße elementary school
- Elementary School on South Ride Away
Gymnasium in Munich:
- Maria-Theresia-Gymnasium
- SMU Max-Josef-Stift
- SMA Luitpold
- Edith-Stein-Gymnasium from Munich's Archdiocese and Freising
- SMA Negeri St. Anna City
- Wilhelmsgymnasium
- Luisengymnasium town
- Wittelsbacher Gymnasium
Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Munich:
- Stands. Fridtjof Nansen Realschule
- Sekolah Menengah Adalbert Founder Kota
- Maria Ward Girl Realschule
- Kota Ricarda-Huch-Realschule
- Isar Realschule Munich
- Meja Kota Hermann-Frieb Secondary School
International School in Munich:
- LycÃÆ' Â © e Jean Renoir (French school)
- Japanische Internationale Schule MÃÆ'¼nchen
- Bavarian International School
- Munich International School
- School Europe, Munich
Scientific research institute
Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society, an independent German non-profit research organization, has an administrative headquarters in Munich. The following institutions are located in the Munich area:
- The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching
- Max Planck Biochemistry Institute, Martinsried
- The Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
- The Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law, MÃÆ'¼nchen
- Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition, and Tax Law, MÃÆ'¼nchen
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried
- The Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs-Erling (Biological and Behavior Rhythm), Radolfzell, Seewiesen (Reproductive and Behavioral Biology)
- Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute), MÃÆ'¼nchen
- The Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (also in Greifswald)
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, MÃÆ'¼nchen
- The Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, MÃÆ'¼nchen (closed)
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching
Fraunhofer Society
The Fraunhofer Society, the German non-profit research organization for applied research, is based in Munich. The following institutions are located in the Munich area:
- Applied and Integrated Security - AISEC
- Embedded Systems and Communications - ESK
- Modular Solid-State Technologies - EMFT
- Building Physics - IBP
- Processing and Packaging Engineering - IVV
Other research institutes
- Botanische Staatssammlung MÃÆ'¼nchen, famous herbarium
- CESifo, theoretical and applied research in economics and finance
- Doerner Institute
- European Southern Observatory
- Helmholtz Zentrum MÃÆ'¼nchen
- Zoologische Staatssammlung MÃÆ'¼nchen
Economy
Munich has the strongest economy in every German city and the lowest unemployment rate (3.0% in June 2014) from every German city of more than one million people (the others being Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne). The city is also the economic center of southern Germany. Munich topped Capital magazine in February 2005 for economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in 60 German cities.
Munich is a global financial and municipal center and has Siemens AG (electronic) headquarters, BMW (automobile), MAN AG (truck, engineering), Linde (gas), Allianz (insurance), Munich Re (reinsurance), and Rohde & amp; Schwarz (electronics). Among German cities with over 500,000 inhabitants, the highest purchasing power in Munich (EUR26,648 per inhabitant) in 2007. In 2006, Munich's blue collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of EUR18.62 (about $ 20).
Details by the right cities (not metropolitan areas) of the 500 global cities listed in Munich in 8th position in 2009. Munich is also a center for biotechnology, software and other service industries. Munich is also home to the headquarters of many other large companies such as aircraft engine manufacturer MTU Aero Engines, manufacturer of Krauss-Maffei injection molding machine, camera and lighting manufacturer Arri, semiconductor company Infineon Technologies (headquartered in the suburb of Neubiberg), Osam lighting giant , as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as McDonald's and Microsoft.
Munich has significance as a financial center (second only to Frankfurt), being the home of HypoVereinsbank and Bayerische Landesbank. It outperformed Frankfurt despite being the home of insurance companies like Allianz and Munich Re.
Munich is Europe's largest publishing city and home to SÃÆ'¼ddeutsche Zeitung , one of Germany's largest daily newspapers. The city is also the location of the headquarters of Germany's largest public broadcasting network programming, ARD, while the largest commercial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, is headquartered in the suburb of UnterfÃÆ'¶hring. Headquarters
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