Transducers are devices that convert energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
Transducers are often used on the limits of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.). The process of converting one form of energy to another is known as transduction.
Video Transducer
Transducer type
Mechanical and electrical transducers
Transducers that convert physical quantities into mechanics are called mechanical transducers; Transducers that convert physical quantities into electricity are called electrical transducers. An example is a thermocouple that converts temperature differences into small voltages, or Linear transformer differential variables (LVDTs) used to measure displacements.
Sensors and actuators
Transducers can be categorized by which direction information passes them:
- Sensors are transducers that receive and respond to signals or stimuli from the physical system. It generates signals, which represent information about the system, used by some type of telemetry, information or control system.
- The actuator is the device responsible for moving or controlling the mechanism or system. It is controlled by a signal from a control system or a manual control. It is operated by an energy source, which can be a mechanical force, electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and convert that energy into motion. An actuator is a mechanism by which the control system works on the environment. Control systems can be simple (mechanical or electronic systems fixed), software-based (eg printer drivers, robot control systems), humans, or other inputs.
- The bidirectional transducer converts the physical phenomena into electrical signals and also converts electrical signals into physical phenomena. An example of an inherently two-way transducer is an antenna, which can convert radio waves (electromagnetic waves) into electrical signals to be processed by a radio receiver, or translate electrical signals from transmitter to radio waves. Another example is the sound coil, which is used in loudspeakers to translate electrical audio signals to sound and in dynamic microphones to translate sound waves into audio signals.
Passive active sensor vs.
- Passive The sensor requires an external power source to operate, called an excitation signal. The signal is modulated by the sensor to produce an output signal. For example, the thermistor does not produce an electrical signal, but by passing an electric current through it, its resistance can be measured by detecting current or voltage variations in the thermistor.
- Active The sensor, in contrast, generates an electric current in response to an external stimulus that serves as an output signal without requiring additional energy sources. Examples are photodiode, and piezoelectric sensor, thermocouple.
Maps Transducer
Characteristics
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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