It can not be said exactly where the first printing press was set up in Bangladesh. It is estimated that the first printing press in Bangladesh was in Rangpur during 1847, approximately 335 kilometers (208 miles) from Dhaka. The first printed work of this printing press is a weekly newspaper called Rangapur Barttabaha ( ???????????????????????? 1847. In addition, the first two Bengali newspapers were from Rangpur.The printing press took more than sixty years to reach East Bengal or Dhaka of Kolkata The first English-language weekly newspaper, The Dacca News, was printed and published from Dhaka in 1856. So it is assumed that after nine years of press Rangpur, Dhaka's first printing press was established and a press named 'Dacca Press'.
Video History of printing and publishing in Dhaka
Dacca Press
The print edition The Dacca News came out on April 18, 1856 from Dacca Press. At first, it was a one-page edition at a cost of two annas per copy. It was originally a weekly paper published every Saturday. With the 13th version, the pages are upgraded to four and it also has a 'supplement' but the current market price is cause for concern. With the second volume, the pages grew to eight. There are five owners of Dacca Press who is also the owner of the newspaper. They are A.M Cameron, N.P Pogose, J.A Greg, J.P Wise, and K.A Gani. It was a tumultuous period when the riots between the English indigo planters and Bengali peasants peaked. Most of the owners are zamindar people and they publish newspapers to secure their own interests. Alexander Forbes, editor of The Dacca News wrote in one of The Dacca News editions:
Outside, if not the most incredible angle in the world, we established the press. We do not have any composers, or Printers or Devils. We have to educate them all. We arrange, in the form, a large part of our first member with our own hands. We have, to this day, our own leaders corrected the evidence.
Sreenath Dutta, a Bengali, is a newspaper printer until the 13th edition. Probably, Forbes has trained him. At that time the press was facing severe hardship, even though Dhaka was once the capital of Bengal and also one of the big cities in East Bengal at that time. Forbes mentions in one edition of Dacca News in 1856 that he could not print the report because of the lack of the required type.
Maps History of printing and publishing in Dhaka
Kattra Press
A Bangladeshi writer and historian Muntasir Mamun in his book Unish Shatake Dhakar Mudran o Prakashana (1848-1900) , mentions that he discovered the 'First Report of the East Bengal Missionary Society. MDCC-CXLVIII with Attachments etc. '. It's in octavo with forty pages. 'Dacca: Printed in Kattra Press, 1849' is written on the title page. This indicates that the printing press was in Dhaka before 1856. Thus it can be said that the first printing press began working in 1848/49 in Kattra. Muntasir Mamun wants to mean Chhoto Kattra where Baptist missionaries live and set up their offices. So a report published in 1849 by a Missionary Baptist was the first print. Two more Bengali books named Prahelika Prarthana Anukram /i> ( ??????????? ) comes from Kattra.Although Prahelika is the first Bengal East Bengal book, it is not fully published in Bengali.
During 1847, Reverend Johannes Heberlein was in charge of the East Bengal Missionary Society of Dhaka. The Evangelical Missionary Community of Basel sent Samuel Boast and Frederick Lehman to help him. Boast is very good at printing. Under his direction, the first press was formed in 1848 in Chhoto Kattra which he brought from Basel. Graham Shaw speculates that Kattra Press lasted for four years. Then purchased to publish Dacca News . It is unknown whether more printed except reports and two books from there. When Dacca News stopped printing, other English-language newspapers The Bengal Times were published from the Dacca press and there until the 20th century.
Other printing press
In 1862 another machine named 'Nutan Jantra' was brought to Dhaka but the owner's name was still unknown. Monthly Abakash Ranjika ( ??????????? ) and Chittaranjika ( ?????? ?????? ) in 1862, may be printed by the machine.
'Shulav Jantra' was founded in 1863. His manager is a poet - Harish Chandra Mitra but nothing is known about his ownership. The periodicals were edited by Harish Chandra of this machine, published respectively as Dacca Darpan (1863), Kabbya Prakash ( ???????? ?) (1864), then there is a weekly called Hindu Hitaishini (against the Brahmo movement), Shuva Shadhini ( ????? ??? ) and Hitakari ( ?????? ) (1871). Many puthi Musalmani are printed from this press. In 1864, Girish Chandra Roy of Baliati founded 'Biggyapani Jantra'. In 1865, a weekly named Biggyapani ( ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Biggyapani Jantra was moved to Mymensingh in 1866 and within two years has been closed.
In 1869, Girish Chandra Roy once again installed a machine called 'Girish Jantra' in Dhaka. Harish Chandra Mitra (founder of the weekly Hindu Hitaishaini ), publishes regularly - Prakash Partners ( ?????????? ) from This Girish Jantra. In 1874, Kali Prasanna Ghosh bought Jantra Girish. A monthly edited by it, is Bandhab (??????) which is also printed from there. Although a writer, he is a skilled businessman as well. Within days, Girish Jantra made a mark in the printing industry. Most of the books from Dhaka were printed from him and that lasted for a long time. Foyezunnesa Chowdhurani Rupjalal ( ???????? ) (1876) also printed from Jantra Girish.
The Brahmos, Hindus, Europe began a printing project in Dhaka in the 1870s and Muslims then entered the market. The latter is mainly printed puthis. According to Professor Qayyum, 'Mohammadi Jantra' is the first Muslim Printing Press in Dhaka, located at Fazle Ali Bazar near Begum Bazar. Munshi Mohammad Jan is the owner. In 1878-79, Sayedi Jantra was established in the same place as Abul Baset as its owner. 'Azizia Press' (??????????) may have been founded in 1882 in Mogoltuli. The owner of the press is Puthi-writer Munshi Mohammad Foyezuddin. To print the Musalmani puthi, special types are required. Before the printing establishment, they had to use the Hindu press. So there are usually some spelling mistakes. Many puthi authors use their own style to create types and also warn others not to copy or imitate their work.
Exactly what kind of printing machine used in Dacca (Dhaka) can not be said for certain, but Dacca Prakash is printed by 'Chila or Columbian Press'. Albion Press is also popular today. It's made of iron. because of its excellent quality, the Albion engine is the most imported machine from Kolkata.
Little is known about the costs incurred due to printing and publishing a single piece of Dacca. In 1863, accounts about expenditures were found in ads on Dacca Prakash . The advertisemnet states price per format of Bengali printing is six taka and per form of English is five taka.
Even after seven years, the cost remains the same even if the market is competitive. Initially, the price was high. But to expand the market, the price of compose and printing is reduced. In 1880, the owner's manager, Govinda Prasad Roy of Dacca Prakash published an English ad:
"THE DACCA BENGALI PRESS of various types of English and ready to be executed neatly and clearly With Delivery and with moderate costs, Books, Pamphlets, Letters, Catalogs, Checks, Receipts Labels, Cards and other Job Job types."
During the 1860-70s, to cover the cost of the press, various types of forms were printed for sale. Among other things, forms of invoices, challans, checks, and other forms of trade are urgently needed. In fact many forms of press are used as stationery stores where papers are also sold.
Initially, the compositor got a relatively higher salary than the editor because a skilled compositor was hard to find. For example, the head of composer Dacca Prakash received more salary than poetry editor Krishna Chandra Mazumdar. From the twentieth century, a compositor's salary began to decline because of the competitive and expansive printing market.
Location
The various pressures in Dhaka are not centered or located in certain places. Most of them are in the area between Banglabazar to Begumbazar. Apart from this, some are located in Mogoltuli or Armanitola. Since the books are usually sold from Patuatuli and Baburbazar, most machines were established in these areas. Much of the pressure in Dhaka has become a center of social economic exchanges. The bookstore or library is not there. All kinds of people such as writers, publishers, editors, printers, compositors, workers, retailers and their friends - in short, everything related to books, always gather around the press from Banglabazar to Begumbazar.
About nineteenth century printing and publishing Bengali books are in two categories - textbooks (?????) and others (excluding school/college textbooks).
Textbooks
Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, there have been many textbooks for increasing the number of pathshalas and schools. Serampore Missionaries, the Calcutta School Book Society and the Calcutta School Society initiated the publication of textbooks. Madan Mohan Tarkalankar and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar are not only pioneer figures but they have a strong heritage for the next generation. Among the text books of Barnashiksha , Balyashiksha ( ????????????) ) or Primer is more popular. Ram Sundar Basak wrote Balyashiksha for East Bengal students and published from Sulav Jantra in 1877. Textbook is the most published book of Dacca. Publishing Bodhini (notes on textbooks) or notebooks is increasing and highly for business purposes. Popular textbooks and notebook authors are Harish Chandra Mitra, Prasanna Ghosh Times, Nabakanta Chattapadhyay, Dinanath Sen, and so on. Govinda Prasad Das' Byakaran Saar ( ????????? ) (1859-63), Pranlal Chakrabarti Ankabodh (< i> ??????? ) (first volume-1866), Annadakishore Sen Arther Sharthokota (1868) and Dinanath Sen Dhaka Jelar Vugol ebong songkhepe Oitihashik Biboron i> ( ???????????????????????????? ) is important.
Legal
The British invaders made laws for Indians and tried to translate them into Bengali to make them aware of them. The middle class began to believe in a neutral location and thought the law would save and protect them. At this time, law as a profession began to grow rapidly. So books about the law are in great demand. During the nineteenth century, not many books on law were available, but about forty-four books were published from Dacca (Dhaka). Among other things, Tarinikumar Basu's 1866 Shaler 6 act, no-1, 5, 15, and 25 aain ( ???? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??,?, ?? ???? ??? ) is the oldest and printed from Bangala Jantra in 1866.
Biography and autobiography
About thirty biographies and autobiographies were published from Dacca (Dhaka) in the nineteenth century. Only three autobiographical books are among them. The oldest autobiography was Etibritto (1868) by Krishna Chandra Mazumdar and the other was Sangkhipto Jibon Brittanta ( ???? ?????????????????? (1882) by Rashbihari Mukhopadhaya and Shekaler Darogar Kahini ( ?????????? (1888) by Girish Chandra.In 1898, a biography named Victoria Charita ( ???? ?????????????????????? by Kamakhya Charan Bandopadhyay published from Dacca (Dhaka).
History books
In the nineteenth century there were only twenty history books published from Dacca (Dhaka). Among them was the Banga Etihash er saar (1866) by the earliest published Govinda Chandra Chattapadhyay and hence the oldest. Some books are used as school textbooks or colleges such as Bangalar Etihash ( ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????> Bangladesh o Assam er Sangkhipta Bibaran ( ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? "Dinanath Sen
Novel
The nineteenth century can be marked as the first phase of Bengali novel writing. But then the novel has not realized its full potential in Bengali. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay developed this proto-novelistic phase and thus the novel achieved its full form. The novels published from Dacca (Dhaka) are fewer in comparison to Kolkata. Only twenty-six novels were published from Dacca and Jagrata Swapna ( ??????????? ) (1864) by Barada Prasad Roy among them.
Religion became a major issue in some novels. For example, Islam in Prem Darpan by Arjumund Ali, Brahmo at Rajkumari (by Ananda Chandra Mitra and Christianity at Haran Chandra Raha Sarala ( ???? ) etc.
Poetry
In the second half of the nineteenth century, poetry was a vital tool for expressing thoughts including patriotism. The main poets of East Bengal are Michael Madhusudan Dutta, Ananda Chandra Mitra, Kaykobaad, Krishna Chandra Mazumdar, Nabin Chandra Sen, Govinda Chandra Das and Harish Chandra Partners. The first monthly publication of Dacca is a poetry magazine edited by Krishna Chandra Mazumdar, Harish Chandra Mitra, and Prasanna Kumar Sen. More than a hundred books on poetry were published from Dacca in the nineteenth century.
Books on medical science
In order to introduce western medical science, then British Lieutenant-General George Campbell in 1873, decided to establish medical schools in Calcutta (Kolkata), Dacca (Dhaka) and Patna and his teaching media was Bengali. This requires the publication of Bengali books on medical science for medical students. Dacca contributed a lot in publishing these books than any other book. The first book published from Dacca was Formulary Book by Aainuddin Ahmed in 1872. Many of its journals were also published from Dacca. They are - Ayurved Sanjibani , Chikitsa ( ), Chikitsa Darpan ( ??????????? ), Vishak ( ???? ), Homeopathic Anubadika ( ??????????????????? <), Homeopathic Pracharak ( ????????????????????????? ) and so on. The famous authors are Kashi Chandra Dutta, Durga Das Roy, Dwarakanath Gupta, Surya Narayan Ghosh, Prasad Chakrabarty Day and so on.
Religion
A strong religious sense never allowed the nineteenth-century Bengali to think freely. This gradually makes life complicated and there are attempts to reform the religious issues which then take the form of movement. As a consequence of these movements, Brahmo Samaj appears to uproot evil in orthodox Hinduism such as 'Satidaha pratha', 'Koulinya Pratha'. Islamic doctrines were also tried to change. At this time, in the Indian sub-continent missionaries began to spread Christianity. In the first half of the nineteenth century, they published many books on Christianity. Even the first book published from Dacca (Dhaka) is about Christianity. Most of the religious books from Dacca contain various methods of performing their respective religious prayers. Kouli Sangshadhani ( ????????????? ) and Bollali Sangshadhani ( ???? ????????? ) are important books on religion.
Play and joke
Playable, farces are written to illustrate social disparities, moral deprivation and above all to show a complete picture of the community. In the second half of the nineteenth century, influential play,
- Nil Darpan (by Dinabandhu Mitra) was published from Dacca (Dhaka). Another important game Swarnashrinkhal (by Durgadas Kar's doctor probably comes from Dacca. Harish Chandra Mitra and Harihar Nandi are significant among the plays writers. Eight farces Harish Chandra was published from Dacca. They are - Myao Dhorbe Ke? ( ?????? ????) , Janaki Natak (? ???? ???? ), Ghar Thakte Babui Veje ( ?? ?????? ?????? ??????), Agamani ( ????? ), Shuvosra Shighrang , Hatavagya Shikshak ( ??????????? ), Prahallad Natak ( ??????????? ???????? Nirbasita Seeta ( ?????????????) ).
- Mamun, Muntasir, Unish Shatake Dhakar Mudran o Prakashana (1848-1900)
- Mamun, Muntasir, 'Kothay Galo Dia Patha-Kabita', Mudraner Sanskriti o Bangla Boi , edited by Swapan Chakrabarty, December, 2007, pps (108-121).
- Khastageer, Ashish, 'Unish Shatake Bangla Boi er Bazar', Bangla Chapa Boi er 225 Bachar , (edited by Swapan Chakrabarty
Panchali
A large number of panchalis saw published from Dacca because Bengali people in the early nineteenth century strongly believed in fatalism. According to 'Press and Registration Act of Books (1867)', most panchalis are not submitted to the Government. Thus, little is known about panchalis. Panchalis published from Dacca are mostly written in Shani-Dev, Peer-Satya Narayan (Satya as Narayan to Hinduism and Peer to Muslim), Trinath and so on. They are cheap, small in size (no more than twelve pages). During the 1870s, most panchalis were published from Dacca.
Puthi
Most of the ponds have their subjects - Islam and its saints. Thus, Puthi is different from Panchali in this regard. Dacca (Dhaka) is the center of publishing puthis as a Muslim is the majority. Popular writers are Khoaz Master, Abdul Gafur, Abdul Karim, Sayed Jan, Moniruddin Ahmed, Munshi Azimuddin, Munshi Abdur Rahim. Del Aram (1867) ( ???? ), Sher Mashgul (1885) ( ??? ?? ), Jalan Shah Parir ( ??? ???? ?? ) (1887) and Usuf Jolekha ( ????? ?????? ) (1896) by Munshi Garibullah was published from Dacca.
Prose
Around the first half of the nineteenth century, in the Indian sub-continent, missionaries began writing the process for spreading Christianity. But some processes are published from Dacca because the authors do not achieve the creativity and intellectuality required in writing prose. In 1869, the first book of Kali Prasanna Ghosh Nari Jati Bishayak Prostab ( ???????????????????? ) published from Dacca (Dhaka). Abdus Sobhan's Hindu Mosolman ( ??????????? ) (1891) published from Dhaka was one of the most important pieces of prose at the time.
Patha Kabita
Literary critics and historians do not regard it as a great literary work. It consists of four, eight or sixteen pages in double and very cheap newspaper. Due to poor communication, Dhaka faces the problem of spreading the news. The Patha-kobi is used to write instantly what's going on around like a Tornado in 1877, an earthquake in 1897 onwards and thus patha-kobitas become an authentic news source. With the development of communication systems, increased levels of education, the availability of newspapers faded its importance and pushed the patha-kobi into extinction. The patha-kobitas published from Dhaka belong to Kushai Sarkar Nanabidho Gaan ( ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? Gopes Jhorer Gaan ( ?????? <) printed by Jagabandhu Dey from Garib Jantra.
Note
Source
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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